Mene ne volcanism da raurawar ƙasa? Inda wadannan mamaki?

Volcanism da raurawar ƙasa - daya daga cikin tsofaffin matakai a duniya. Su faru biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce da kuma ci gaba da zama a yau. Haka kuma, sun halarci da samuwar da taimako na duniya da kuma ta ma'aunan kasa tsarin. Mene ne volcanism da raurawar ƙasa? A yanayi da wuri daga wadannan abubuwan da suka faru da kuma za mu yi magana.

Mene ne volcanism?

Da zarar mu duka duniya wata babbar ja-zafi jiki, wanda Boiled gami da dutse da karfe. Ta hanyar daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, da na sama Layer na Duniya fara taurara, forming ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Ƙõramu zauna bubbling zubi abu, ko magma.

Ta zazzabi kai 500 zuwa 1250 digiri Celsius, haddasa melted m rabo alkyabbar duniya da kuma saki gas. A wani matsayi da matsa lamba zama haka mai girma a nan cewa zafi ruwa o ƙarin zahiri tsere.

Mene ne volcanism? Wannan tsaye motsi magma gudana. Hawa sama, ta cika a fasa da alkyabbar, da ɓawon burodi tsãgewar ƙwãyar kuma ta dage da fā yadudduka, punching hanyarsu ta zuwa surface.

Wani lokaci da ruwa kawai freezes a cikin ciki na Duniya a cikin nau'i na laccoliths da magmatic jijiyoyinmu. A wasu lokuta, shi Forms wani aman wuta - yawanci duwatsu samuwar tare da wani bude ta da magma spills. Wannan tsari yana tare da da watsi da gas, kankara, toka, da kuma lawa (ruwa narke sawmills).

irin volcanoes

Yanzu, lokacin da muke siffa cewa wannan volcanism, bari mu dubi kansu da kuma volcanoes. Su duk da a tsaye tashar - vents, ta hanyar abin da magma da yistin. A ƙarshen tashar ne mazurari-dimbin yawa bude - bakin dutse size daga 'yan kilomita kuma a sama.

Volcanoes samar bambanta dangane da yanayi da kuma jihar da magma eruptions. A karkashin mataki na wani danko sosai ruwa bayyana Dome samuwar. The ruwa da kuma zafi sosai lawa siffofin volcanoes thyroid siffar da m gangara, kama da garkuwa.

Daga cikin mahara eruptions kafa slag da stratovolcanoes. Bã su da wani conical siffar da m gangara da kuma girma a tsawo da kowane sabon shigowa. Ware a matsayin hadaddun ko gauraye volcanoes. Su ne asymmetric kuma suna da 'yan kololuwa na craters.

Mai eruptions samar da kyau reliefs, protruding sama da surface. Amma wani lokacin craters bango sauka, a inda suke akwai da yawa m size da dama dubun kilomita. Suna da ake kira calderas, da kuma most of su nasa ne da Toba aman wuta a Sumatra.

A yanayi na girgizar ƙasa

Kamar yadda volcanism, da raurawar asa suna da alaka ciki matakai a alkyabbar, da ɓawon burodi. Wannan iko da tremors cewa girgiza duniya ta surface. Sun haifar da daga volcanic dutse faduwa, da kuma ƙungiyoyi da na tectonic faranti da kuma mukamai.

A girgizar kasa - inda fãra - karfi tremors. A manĩsanci, da ƙasa da m jolt. sakamakon girgizar sukan halakar da gine-gine da kuma birnin. A lokacin girgizar kasa aiki na iya faruwa landslides, landslides da tsunamis.

A tsanani daga kowane girgizar kasa da aka kaddara a maki (1 to 12), dangane da size, da kuma yanayin da lalacewa. A mafi sauki da kuma imperceptible tremors ba 1 batu. Shake a 12 maki kai ga elevations na mutum sassan na ƙasa, manyan laifuffuka, halakar ƙauyuka.

Zone volcanism da raurawar ƙasa

Cikakken ma'aunan kasa tsarin da Duniya ta ɓawon burodi da kuma zuwa ga core har yanzu ya kasance wani asiri. Mafi yawa daga cikin abun da ke ciki na zurfin yadudduka na data - wannan shi ne kawai hasashe, domin a cikin kilomita 5 a cikin hanjinsu na duniya ba daya to duba har ya iya ba. Saboda wannan, to hango ko hasashen gaba shigowa na aman wuta, ko da ya faru na wata girgizar kasa mai yiwuwa ba ne.

Abinda ya iya bincike - don gano wuraren da wadannan mamaki faruwa more sau da yawa. Su ne a fili bayyane a cikin photo, inda da haske launin ruwan kasa launi nuna wani rauni ayyuka, da kuma duhu - a kan m.

da suka saba faruwa a jamsin na tectonic faranti kuma suna da alaka da su motsi. Biyu daga cikin mafi yawan aiki da kuma m zones na volcanism da raurawar ƙasa: Pacific da kuma Rum, Trans-Asian bel.

Pacific Rim aka located a kan eponymous teku kewaye. Ga akwai biyu daga kashi uku ɗin eruptions da raurawar ƙasa a duniya. Yana lullube for 56 kilomita dubu a tsawon, rufe da Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka, Chukotka, da Philippines, gabashin Japan, New Zealand, Hawaii, yammacin gefen Arewa da kuma Kudancin Amirka.

Trans-Asian-Rum zone kara daga ridges na kudancin Turai da Arewacin Afrika da Himalayas. Yana hada duwãtsu Kun-Lun da Caucasus. Game da 15% na dukkan raurawar ƙasa faruwa a cikin shi.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai qananan aiki band inda a can ne kawai 5% na dukkan eruptions da girgizar kasa. Su rufe Arctic, Indian (daga kasar Larabawa zuwa cikin Antarctic) da kuma Atlantic Ocean (daga Greenland da tarin tsiburai na Tristan da Cunha).