Mene ne sautin na music. Song Key. Major, Ƙananan

Kafin bincike na musamman m abun da ke ciki singer farko, kuma farkon kula da sautin da key haruffa. Saboda shi rinjayar ba kawai daidai karatu na music, amma kuma da mutunci da samfurin. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da yawa composers da launi ji da kuma wakiltar kowane sautin a wasu launuka. Shin shi wani hatsari da ya faru? Ko yake da wani dabara ciki hankalta?

A ra'ayi and definition of tonality

Famous theorists B. L. Yavorsky kuma IV Sposobin nuna cewa wannan shi ne wani high-Yunƙurin ji haushi matsayi. Alal misali, idan tonic "to" da kuma hanyar "Manjo", sautin zai zama "C manyan".

A wani more kunkuntar (musamman) darajar tonality a music - shi ne ma wani tsarin na aikin rabuwa da dangantaka da wasu tsawo. Kawai wannan lokaci a kan tushen da baƙi triads. Shi ne na hali jituwa 17-19 ƙarni (na gargajiya-romantic). A wannan batu da za mu iya magana da wanzuwar dama tonalities na da dangantaka da tsarin. Kamar misali fourths da fifths da'irar, su related key, a layi daya , wannan sunaye da sauransu.

Wani ma'anar. Wannan matsayi Karkasa tsarin na high-tsawo sadarwa cewa an aikin bambanta (bambanta). Daga ta ci tare da ji haushi ladotonalnost kafa.

A sautin a cikin 16th karni

Sautin na music of 16th karni ne a wani rushewa. A lokaci gabatar a 1821, F. A. J. Castillo Blazlom (da aka sani Faransa msar tambayar). Ya ci gaba da ci gaba da kuma watsa manufar tonality zuwa 1844 F. zh. Fetis. A Rasha, ajalin da aka ba amfani a duka har karshen karni na 19th. A cikin ayyukan Rimsky-Korsakov da Tchaikovsky a kan tonal jituwa babu inda samu. Kawai littafin Taneyev "Counterpoint a cikin tsananin Style", a ƙãre a shekarar 1906, sheds haske a kan shi.

Kalmar "sautin" yana da dama ma'ana. Da fari dai, shi ladotonalnaya harmonics-aikin tsarin. Abu na biyu, shi ne wani takamaiman sautin a cikin music. Wannan shi ne, duk wani irin modal a wani tsawo. A zamani manufar sautin daidai saukar a cikin aikin na Karla Dalhauza. Ya bi shi a cikin wani m ji. Bisa ta kafiya, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa drevnemodalnaya Gregorian launin waƙa - wannan shi ne na farko samfurin na sautin. Ya Notes cewa, ban da tsirkiya-masu jituwa, melodic sautin akwai.

Babban fasali na tonality

1. A gaban wani abutment ko cibiyar. Yana iya zama wani sauti, mai tsirkiya ko wani mabanbanta tsakiyar kashi.
2. A gaban wani shiri na sauti dangantakar, wanda kai tsaye hadawa su a cikin wani hierarchically hadewa tsarin.
3. A guda abutment, cibiyar, ko wani dukan tsarin da za a gyarawa a wannan tsawo. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa sautin a cikin music presupposes wani irin karkashin shugabancin tsakiya, dake kusa da wani musamman kashi.
4. Lad (Major, Ƙananan), wanda aka bai wa a cikin wani nau'i na tsirkiya kuma tune da tsarin, yanã gudãna a kan su "zane."
5. Da dama halayyar dissonance: D da S tare da Septimia da shida.
6. Ciki shift jituwa.
7. Modal tsarin a tushe na wanda yana da uku main ayyuka aza: tonic, rinjaye da kuma subdominant.
8. Manyan siffofin da dalilin daidaitowa.

Mood da sautin a Palestrina

A gargajiya sautin Marinjãyi da manufa na gravitation zuwa tsakiyar (tonic). A daidai wannan modal jituwa, da bambanci, shi ya aikata ba. Akwai kawai a karkashi na sikelin. A Palestrina fili gano babban fasali na tsarin ji haushi idan kana da biyu yadudduka. Yana Choral (monodic) subbase da tsarin reorganization. A palestrinskom ji haushi wani fili janye zuwa da tonic. Akwai kuma wani category kamar yadda irin wannan. A Palestrina gabatar da wani cikakke kungiyar na sauti, shirya da tsawo. Babu cadences, bi da bi, babu wani nauyi a ustoyu. Wannan shi ne cikakken yi iya kamãta da kõwa ji haushi. Saboda haka, Palestrina ba tonality kamar Viennese litattafansu (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven).

Monodic harmonies da kuma masu jituwa tonality

Major da qananan ne kan daidai da sauran frets: Aeolian, Ionian, Phrygian, wanda m, lokriyskim, Dorian, Mixolydian, da kuma pentatonic sikelin. Tsakanin masu jituwa tonality da monodic frets - wata babbar bambanci. Key manyan da qananan muhimmi ciki ƙarfi, ayyuka, da kuma tabbatar da dalilin tashin dormant. Suna kuma halin da mahara aikin dangantaka da iyaka karkashin shugabancin tsakiya. Duk wannan shi ne ba ya nan a monadic frets. Su ma ba su da wata hujja janye zuwa tonic, ta dominance. Furta aiwatar da tonal tsarin ne a hankali a lamba tare da yanayin Turai tunani zamanin zamanin. E. Lovinsky da lura da cewa modality, a gaskiya, wakiltar wani barga ra'ayinmu game da duniya, da kuma sautin na m - da tsauri.

A abin da launuka na bakan gizo composers "fenti" sautin?

Kowane sautin da yake a cikin tsarin, wasu ayyuka ne ba kawai tsauri-masu jituwa dangantaka, amma kuma cikin sharuddan launi palette. A dangane da wannan musamman na kowa fahimtar yanayi da kuma launi (launi a zahiri hankali).

Alal misali, key "C manyan" ne tsakiyar da sauran tsarin da ke dauke da mafi sauki, don haka ne fentin a fari. Mutane da yawa masu kida, ciki har da tsakanin babban composers, sau da yawa samu launi ji. A sarari wakilin irin wannan ji an dauke Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Alal misali, key "E manyan" hade da shi da 'yan: wani haske koren launi da spring birches kuma pastoral tabarau. "E lebur Major" ga shi - yana da mafi yawa duhu ciki sautin, wanda ya fentin cikin tunaninsa ya a launin toka-bluish sautin, halayyar garuruwa da birãnensu. Ludwig van Beethoven, ya "B qananan" black. Wannan launi ne ba abin mamaki ba, saboda ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin wannan key ko da yaushe sauti da baƙin ciki da kuma takaici. Kamar yadda ka gani, da launuka ba faruwa kwatsam, su ne cikakken daidai da ma'ana hali na music. Idan ka canza key, to, shi zai zama mabanbanta launi. A hoto juna, shirya Motets Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Ave verum tarin rubuce-rubuce, K.-V. 618) Ferenc takardar. Daga cikin "D Major," ya transposed shi a cikin wani "C Major", dangane da wanda ya canja da style of music, akwai siffofin na Romanticism.

Mene ne rawar da wuri ne a cikin sautin na music?

An fara daga 17th karni, da dama tonality tsirkiya, musamman tare da sifofi, sun zama wani muhimmin m da ma'ana wajen. Wani lokaci ban mamaki sautin na gasar theme, mataki da kuma rubutu. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky yi imani da cewa jigon wani m ra'ayin dogara da jituwa da kuma daidaitowa, maimakon a kan melodic juna. A gina m siffofin ne undeniable babbar rawar key. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya daga manyan siffofin: da sonata, cyclic, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, tilawa da sauransu. Daga cikin hanyoyin da cewa ba da kumbura da taimako, mafi fice ne: a hankali a hankali ko kwatsam mulki daga key zuwa wani, hanzari canza daidaitowa, juxtaposition na contrasting aukuwa. Duk wannan ke faruwa a kan backdrop na ci tsaya a cikin babban sautin.

kinship tonalities

Related tonality ne na farko, na biyu da na uku mataki. A rukunin lambar daya damuwa duk da guitar na diatonic tsarin zaba ko qaddara farar. Nemo su mai sauqi. Wannan na bukatar daga tonic tsirkiya sami subdominant da rinjaye. Wannan ne karo na hudu da na biyar, saukarwa. Su ma suna da nasu related guitar, wanda su ne m zuwa gare su a cikin sauti abun da ke ciki. Na biyu digiri na relatedness - a tonic sautin da daidaita amma daban-daban ji haushi (kuma wannan sunan). Alal misali, "C manyan" da "C qananan". ÃyõyinSa sautunan, bi da bi, za su zama daban-daban. The "C Major" ba su zama, da kuma a cikin wannan qananan uku lebur.

A guitar na uku kungiyar da na kowa kaya (3). The uku-mataki dangi ne kuma biyu guitar cewa su ne m, a tsarin da kuma tsaye a nesa na uku sautunan. Alal misali, shi ne "C manyan" da "F-kaifi manyan." Duk wannan ilimi zai zama da amfani sosai idan kana so ka canja sautin na song amfani da daidaitowa ko deflection.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, sautin sa yana da babban halaye da cewa sanin da ainihi. Theorists fassara shi daban. Har ila yau, masana kimiyya saba game da Tarurrukan da kuma lalata. Idan masu bincike da kuma masu kida yammacin Turai kasashe sun sami shi farkon (har yanzu a cikin 14th karni), a Rasha da shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da yawa daga baya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sautin na music da Viennese litattafansu kuma romantics muhimmanci daban-daban daga abin da yake tare da Palestrina kuma za Shostakovich, Hindemith, Shchedrin da sauran composers na 20-21 karni.