Me yasa kalmomi, jinsin kalmomi suna hidima a cikin harshe? Tsarin jima'i

A cikin harshen Rashanci, kamar yadda a cikin wasu harsuna, kowane kalma yana da ma'ana ma'ana. Kalmar tana hade da abu, abu ne, alamar, wasu ayyuka.

Rara rawa harshe iya wasa ba kawai da kalmar amma kuma phraseological naúrar. Wato, kalmomin magana ya haɗa da ƙamus.

Phraseologisms

Don haka menene magana? Misalai daga cikinsu suna sananne ga kowane mutum. Bari mu dauki kalmar "kai". An yi amfani da shi cikin kalmomi masu yawa: "zuwa ga juyawa", "mutumin da ke da kai", "don murkushe kansa", "mai zafi". Idan kalma daga samfurorin da ke sama ba a yi amfani dashi ba a hankali, to ana iya iya jaddada cewa yana da bangare na magana. Bugu da ƙari, ma'anar kalmar a duk haɗuwa ba iri daya ba ne.

"Don ƙwaƙwalwa" - don yin tunani game da wani abu, don magance matsalar matsala. "Mutumin da ke da kai" shi ne wanda baya yin yanke shawara maras kyau, yana da hikima, mai hikima. "Break up" - don lashe nasarar karshe. "Hoton kai tsaye" - wannan shine yadda mutane suke magana game da mutum maras kyau, rashin hankali ko mai fushi.

Wani ɓangaren kalma haɗin da aka ba a misalai shine cewa an yi amfani da su a cikin "daskararre", barga, mawuyacin nau'ikan harshe da kalmomi. Daidai ne waɗannan kalmomi na maganganun da ake kira jinsin tauhidi.

Alamomin rubutun maganganu

Bayar da 'yan alamun cewa zai iya ba da wani bayani na gaskiya da cewa wannan kari. Misalai da aka bayar a nan sun hada da bayanin fasalin.

• Stable verbal form ("ƙugiya-inverted").
• Fassaraccen nau'in lissafi ("Jumma'a bakwai cikin mako").
• Ba a yarda da canza umarnin kalmomi ("yadda za ku sha ba").
• Yi amfani da ita a cikin alama ("wanke ƙasusuwa").
• Babu yiwuwar ƙara sabon ko cire daga haɗin kalmomin da ake samuwa. ("Chicken don dariya").

Ma'anar kalmar "magana"

Nazarin haɗuwa da halayen maganganun magana tare da rarraba ilimin harsuna - magana. Don fahimtar ma'anar kalmar, ya isa ya fassara shi daga harshen Helenanci. Harshen fassara yana kama da haka: "rukunin magana".

Dukan ƙidaya, ainihin kasancewar haɗuwa cikin halayen harshe, ana kiransa ma'anar magana.

Mene ne amfani da kalmomi kalmomi? Yaya za a yi amfani da su daidai cikin magana? Mene ne ma'anar ƙayyadaddun magana? Wadannan tambayoyi suna da ban sha'awa ba kawai ga yara da suka fara koyon harshen a matsayin kimiyya ba, har ma mazan da suka riga sun koya.

Asalin sassan jinsin magana

Mutumin da yake amfani da raka'a a cikin magana ya kamata ya fahimci ma'anar su sosai. Wannan zai taimaka masa ya kauce wa jin dadi, yanayi masu ban mamaki wanda zai iya haifar da rashin amfani da kalmomi ko rashin fahimtar ma'anar su. Tarihin ilimin kimiyya, sanin ilimin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin harshe zai ba da damar mutum ya zama sananne a wannan yanki.

Babban rukuni na juyin halitta sun fito ne daga tunanin mutane game da abubuwan da suka shafi halitta da zamantakewa. Alal misali, "dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa ne mai yawa gurasa", "tsoran tsuntsaye yana jin tsoron wani bishiya", "wani apple ba ya fadawa daga bishiya".

Ba a rage a cikin adadi ba ne ƙungiyar jinsunan maganganu waɗanda suka fito daga mythology, al'adun Littafi Mai Tsarki ko wasu abubuwan tarihi. Misalan irin wannan haɗuwa na iya kasancewa raƙuman maganganu: "Babel of Pandemonium", "Mamai ya wuce", "apple of disord", "Ariadne thread". Tabbatacce tare da raƙuman irin waɗannan maganganun zasu bude ƙofar zuwa tarihin tarihin tarihi ko tsohuwar tarihin.

Bayyanar wani rukuni na jinsin maganganu suna haɗa da aikin sana'ar mutum, aikinsa. Alal misali, haɗuwa da "ba fure ko gashin tsuntsaye" da aka fara amfani da su a cikin mafarauci kuma suna nufin sha'awar kyawawan abubuwa a kan farauta.

Samun daga wasu harsuna ma wani abu ne na al'ada a cikin magana. Daga harshen Jamus ya zo kalma "kasa a gwajin."

Mai phraseology kungiyar kunshi haduwa da cewa suna hade da haruffa Slavonic haruffa. Misalan irin wadannan sassan maganganu: "fara tare da mahimmanci", "a kan i", "ba da kyau."

"Ya fi mummunan rauni fiye da tsuntsun dabba", "Dukkansu suna raira waƙa - wannan shine yanayin", "Ku tafi can - ban sani ba inda." A nan akwai misalai na haɗuwa da haɗuwa wanda yazo ga harshe daga ayyukan mutane da wallafe-wallafen.

A tushen phraseology iya zama wani zamani art siffofin - film, adabi, gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Tsarin jima'i

Babu wani nau'i na jinsin ka'idar jinsin, a cikin ra'ayi na masana kimiyyar harshe, baza a iya daukar su cikakke ba. Babban dalilin wannan shi ne babban nau'i na tsarin maye gurbin maganganun maganganu, wanda wani lokaci ba za'a iya danganta shi ga kowane nau'i ba.

Mahimmancin ra'ayi a cikin ma'anar kungiyoyi na jinsin maganganu ma yana faruwa a tsakanin masu ilimin harshe. Wannan hujja ta haifar da gaskiyar cewa sababbin kalmomi sun bayyana a cikin horo a maimakon waɗanda suka riga sun kasance. A wannan yanayin, fitowar rikicewa ba zai yiwu ba.

Daga abin da aka fada, zamu iya cewa cewa rarraba ka'idodin jinsin magana shine tambaya cewa masana kimiyya zasuyi nasara a nan gaba.

Duk da haka, a yau ana amfani da jadawalin sau da yawa fiye da sauran, la'akari da matakin "adhesion", hade da kalmomin cikin magana. Ana ci gaba da wannan, wadannan kungiyoyi sun bambanta: fusion (idioms), hadin kai mai suna wordological da haɗuwa. Ƙungiyar ƙungiya ta ƙunshi karin magana, faɗar magana, fassarar, da kuma maganganun reshe.

Idioms

Wani muhimmin ɓangaren maganganun shine jumla (fusion). Harshen Helenanci yana ba ka damar fahimtar ma'anar wannan kalma. Idios na nufin "m", "ban mamaki".

Don haɗuwa shi ne halayyar cewa ma'anar dukan ma'anar magana ba za a iya taƙaita shi daga ma'anar kalmomin da suka hada da shi ba. Wannan hujja za a iya bayyana ta cewa gaskiyar sun zo harshen daga zamanin d ¯ a.

Misalan rassan irin waɗannan maganganu: "mamaki da shi", "ba zato ba tsammani daga blue", "ta doke buckets", "tofa lashe".

Kayan jinsin jinsin wannan nau'i ne na halayen wani harshe, kuma fassarar su cikin wasu harsuna ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da asarar ma'ana ba. Alal misali, la'akari da yadda za ka iya bayyana halin da ake ciki lokacin da mutane ke taruwa.

A cikin Rasha za su ce sun hadu da "fuskar fuska". Ga masu magana da wannan harshe, ma'anar abin da aka fada zai zama bayyananne. Faransanci zai bayyana halin da ake ciki da kalmomin: head-à-tête. Harshen kalma zuwa Rasha zai sa murmushi - "kai da kai" na nufin wannan magana. Daga Turanci, fuska da fuska za a fassara shi "fuskar fuska". A Jamus zwischen den vier Augen zai nufin "tsakanin idanu huɗu."

A kan wannan misali, wanda zai iya sake tabbatar da cewa idioms shine maganganun farko da zasu iya kasancewa a cikin harshen wasu mutane, ma'anar su fahimta ne kawai idan ana amfani da kalmomi tare.

Kalmomin jinsin magana

A cikin harshen Rashanci akwai fassarar alamomi na magana, ma'anar ma'anarsa za a iya bayyanawa har zuwa wani lokaci, dogara ga ma'anar kalmomin da suka hada da su. Wadannan kalmomin maganganu ana kiran su haɗin kai ɗaya. Misalan: "jefa turbaya a idanunka," "sanya hakoranka a kan shiryayye," "rashin hankali," "kamar ruwa daga gusher."

Ɗaya daga cikin siffofin haɗin kan magana shine cewa yana da ma'anar kai tsaye da kuma alama. Alal misali, "je zuwa tsaye." Maganar farko ita ce kai tsaye - don zama a cikin hanyar da babu hanyar tserewa, kuma ma'anar alama ba shine ganin hanyar da take ciki ba.

Hadin jima'i

Akwai wani muhimmin rukuni na jinsin maganganu, wanda aka kira "haɗuwa da maganganu". Wannan ya hada da kalmomi tare da fassarar da kyauta. A wannan yanayin, ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar kalmomin mahimmanci shine ma'anar ma'anar mutum na ma'anar kalmomin da suka hada da shi. "Abokiyar abokiyar", "matsala mai mahimmanci", "abokin gaba", "raspquat hanci" - misalai na irin wannan haɗuwa.

Rubuta sassan maganganun wannan rukuni na iya zama daban, wato, yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin shi aƙalla kalma guda ɗaya - "ƙone da kunya", "ƙone tare da ƙiyayya," "ƙone tare da ƙauna," "kuna cike da kishi."

Maganganun jinsin magana

A musamman kungiyar aka yi sama da phraseology saba daga yara karin magana, m maganganu, Jagora. Zuwa gare ta tana yiwuwa a ɗauka ɗigon kalmomi. Irin waɗannan sassan layi suna kiransa "maganganun maganganu."

Idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'o'in maganganu, wannan rukunin ya fi amfani dashi a cikin maganganu da kuma jawabi.

Harshen jumloli-kalmomi

Wani lokaci zaka iya samun raka'a-daban-daban na jinsin magana, wanda yake nuna abu guda, abu, alamar, aikin. Kalmomin jumlalin wannan irin na iya zama cikin ɗaya ko fiye da harsuna.

Alal misali, a cikin harshen Rashanci, kalmomin "yin jigon giwa" suna sananne ne ga kowa, wanda ke nufin "ƙara ƙaddamar muhimmancin taron". Kalmomin jumloli tare da ma'anar irin wannan yana samuwa a wasu harsuna. "Don yin cokali daga wani allura" - wannan shine abin da suke fada a Poland. A Czech, ma, akwai magana tare da ma'anar irin wannan. Ya yi kama da wannan: "Ka sanya raƙumi daga gnat". Kuma a Turanci akwai fassarar magana "don yin dutse daga cikin kwayar halitta."

Kalmomin jinsin kalmomi suna iya zama a cikin harshe ɗaya. Alal misali, la'akari da halin da ake ciki lokacin da ya wajaba a faɗi yadda mutumin ke aiki. Wannan aikin ya bayyana a hankali da alama, daya daga cikin rassa na maganganu na yau da kullum ya fi dacewa - "don yin aiki tukuru," "a ɗaga hannayenka," "don yin aiki tare da gumi na fuska."

Suna magana a cikin maganganun maganganu

Idan mutum yayi la'akari da haɗuwa da haɗuwa daga ra'ayi game da amfani da sassa daban-daban na magana a cikinsu, ana iya lura cewa rahotannin phrasesological tare da furta suna fuskantar sau da yawa. A mafi yawan amfani da possessive, turawa yanzu, attributive magana da. Misalan rassan irin waɗannan maganganun: "don kasancewa a cikin kansa", "cire kanka tare", "cire kanka", "kai a kan kafadu" da sauransu.

Maganganun jumlalin tare da furci a fili suna nuna mutumin, ba shi kima, nuna halin, jihar da ayyukansa.

Me yasa kalmomin da ake amfani dashi cikin harshen?

Harshen jinsin magana yana juya kayan ado, yana sanya shi mai mahimmanci, bayyana. Barga haduwa wadãtar da ƙamus mutum, kyale shi ya more daidai kuma a fili ra'ayinsu. Bayan amfani da maganganun magana, mutum zai iya bayyana zurfin tunani, zurfin tunani sosai kuma a hankali - a kalmomi biyu ko uku.

Yankin jinsin tauhidi suna iya yin amfani da harshe na wallafe-wallafe, saboda haka marubuta da marubuta suna amfani da wannan ma'anar ƙididdigewa, yin abubuwan kirkirar su, masu inganci da masu launi.

Hankali ga tarihin fitowar jinsunan maganganu, muhimmancin su zai bawa kowa damar inganta ilimin ilimin su.

Mutum, yana yin la'akari da wannan tambaya, wanda kalmomin kalmomin kalmomi suke amfani da shi a cikin harshe, sunyi tsammanin cewa waɗannan haɗin kai sune wani tunatarwa game da rayuwar da al'adu na mutane, da al'adun da suka gabata, tarihin tarihi. Maganganun jinsin magana shine ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutanen da suke cikin al'ada ta al'ada.

Fassarar labarun jinsin magana

Ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar jinsin maganganu, tarihin bayyanar su a cikin harshe, ana iya samun amfani da izinin amfani a ɗaya daga cikin dictionaries. Yau an buga su da yawa.

Ana rarraba littattafan littattafai masu rikodin cikin takardun ƙamus. Sun tattara dukan bayanan da ke samuwa game da wannan ko wannan magana. Don inganta yanayin al'adun magana, wadatar da ƙamus, irin waɗannan ƙamus na iya zama masu amfani.

Bugu da ƙari, masana sun lura cewa samfuran samfurori na raka'a-jinsin - wannan shi ne wadatar harshen - ana amfani dasu da gaba daya, iyakance. Sabili da haka, wasu masu nazarin ilimin kimiyya suna ba da shawarar ka koyi sabon maganganu don kanka. Bayan irin wannan gwagwarmaya, mutum zai fara fahimtar dalilin da yasa ake amfani da kalmomi a cikin harshe don jinsin maganganun jumlolin da amfani da su cikin magana.