Mastoiditis: abin da yake da shi? Mastoiditis ãyõyi, cututtuka da kuma magani

An cutar da ke shafar cikin abubuwa na mutum boko kashi na kwanyar saboda surkin jini kumburi da tsakiyar kunne na tsari - a mastoiditis. Mene ne shi, abin da dalilai, da kuma a can ne abin da sakamakon zai iya kai - duk tambayoyi da za a tattauna a cikin labarin. Duk da haka, don fahimtar yanayin da asalin da cutar, wajibi ne a fahimci da definition na mastoid aiwatar da ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da mutum ragargaje.

A tsarin da kwanyar. boko kashi

Human kwanyar da aka kafa ta da wani sa na dan lido cewa an conventionally kasu kashi biyu main kungiyoyin - kashi medullary kashi sashen da fuska yankin. Bugu da kari to waɗannan ƙasusuwa a tsakiyar kunne rami akwai nau'i uku na guda biyu ƙasũsuwa - da guduma, anvil kuma likkafa. Boko kashi - kashi daga cikin rukuni na cerebral SIM, wanda Forms da tushe daga cikin kwanyar. A boko kashi a dukan kewayon jijiya kututturan:

• vestibular-cochlear,
• gaban,
• trigeminal kulli
• yawo,
• glossopharyngeal jijiya.

A boko kashi kunshi fannoni uku: squamous, tympanic kuma m. Scale yankin Forms kaikaice bango na kwanyar. ganga part - da kashi cewa kewaye da kunne canal. m part kama wani dala, da kuma yi aikin aiki na kwantena ga tsakiyar da kuma can cikin kunne, ta hanyar abin da kuma wuce jini. Dala hada da uku saman - gaban, raya da kuma kasa. Lower yankin siffofin mastoid.

A ra'ayi da kuma tsarin da mastoid

Mastoid ne conical dimbin yawa tsinkaya zubar a baya da kunne. A ciki tsarin da mastoid - a jam'i na kashi cavities cika da iska da kuma sadarwa tare da tsakiyar kunne (tympanic rami tare da) via mastoid kogon. Kogo (antrum) - mafi girma a cell mastoid. By da mastoid aiwatar fastens tsoka, wanda kunshi uku aka gyara - da sternum, clavicle da mastoid.

A tsarin da tsari ne mutum domin kowane mutum. Akwai iri uku da tsarin. Pneumatic tsarin - mastoid kunshi manyan Kwayoyin cika da iska. Diploeticheskoe tsarin - tsarin ne karami Kwayoyin cika da bargo. Sclerotic tsarin - tsarin tantanin halitta ne sosai talauci ci gaba.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa irin tsarin mastoid sosai a dogara ga mastoiditis. Kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, mastoiditis tasowa a mutane da pneumatic tsarin da mastoid tsari.

Mastoiditis: abin da yake da shi?

Mastoiditis - shi ne wani kumburi tsari da ya auku a cikin rufi daga kogon (antrum) ko a cikin salon salula tsarin da na boko kashi. Rarraba da Pathology a kan daban-daban filaye. Yawancin lokaci gano biyu siffofin da cutar - firamare da sakandare mastoiditis.

Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, shi Magana da mastoid na tympanic kogo. Mafi yawan lokuta na mastoiditis ya auku, saboda kamuwa da cuta a cikin mastoid a kan bango na tsakiyar kunne kumburi. Wannan asibiti hoto da shawara sakandare mastoiditis matsayin mai wahala na kullum otitis kafofin watsa labarai.

Mafi na kowa hanyar m mastoiditis ne streptococci da staphylococci, akalla - Pseudomonas aeruginosa da sauran aerobic da anaerobic kwayoyin. Very rare lokuta a cikin abin da cuta ne ya sa ta mycobacteria.

Primary mastoiditis - a Pathology cewa zai iya faruwa:

• Saboda rauni lalacewa ta hanyar wani raunin harbin bindigar ko karayar ragargaje.
• A miƙa mulki surkin jini tsari a kan mastoid kashi na Lymph nodes.
• Saboda takamaiman cututtuka - tarin fuka ko ciwon maɗamfari granulomas.

Kan aiwatar da cutar wadannan. Lokacin da raunin faruwa mahara samu karaya na bakin ciki ganuwar a cikin kashi, sakamakon samuwar kananan wani ɓaɓɓake, wanda, tare da zub da jini na samar da wani m yanayi domin narkewa daga kashi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da m ci gaban da kumburi.

Stage da cutar

Matsayin mai mulkin, ci gaban mastoiditis shigarsu matakai biyu:

• exudative,
• proliferative da madadin.

A can farko na ci gaba da mastoiditis - exudative, ta ci gaba 7-10 kwana. A wannan lokaci, masu tasowa, kumburi da mastoid. A mucous membrane ta kumbura, da mastoid sifar tantanin halitta ake rufe, cike da ruɓaɓɓen jini da kuma nauyi rabu da mastoid kogon. A XRD juna a wannan mataki na cuta misalta da dabara partitions a tsakanin sel.

Alternative-proliferative mataki da cutar halin halakar da partitions raba da Kwayoyin da kuma bayyanar raba kungiyoyin na Kwayoyin, wanda ci a cikin wani volumetric kogo. Canje-canje faruwa a cikin bargo da kuma jijiyoyin bugun gini Tsarin.

Wani lokaci da ci gaban cholesteatoma a tsakiyar kunne zai iya sa wani iri-iri pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin jiki, ciki har da mastoiditis. Mene ne wannan? Cholesteatoma ne a kwantena, kunsha na cornified epithelial Kwayoyin.

Mastoiditis: Alamun

Jiyya na mastoiditis - aiwatar lokaci-cinyewa. Saboda haka, domin ci a cikin wannan kasuwanci, yana da muhimmanci a gane cutar a farkon, saukarwa. Ya danganta da yadda bayyanar cututtuka bayyananne mastoiditis, rarrabe hankula da kuma atypical siffofin da cutar. Domin atypical ko latent nau'i na cutar halin da kasãla kwarara ba tare da ya furta bayyanar cututtuka.

A wani hali nau'i na mastoiditis, marasa lafiya na iya kai ƙarar kaifi zafi a cikin kunne da kuma shugaban, wanda kara zuwa baya na kai ko goshi. kumbura mastoid yankin. Tare da kaifi kumburi na kyallen takarda, musamman samuwar surkin jini tsari a cikin su, pinna bulged prominently.

Kamar wancan gaban cuta na iya nuna sauya sigogi da jini gwajin sakamakon tasowa kumburi tsari.

Domin mastoiditis iya a tare da ci gaban Gradenigo ta ciwo, a cikin abin da akwai inna na abducens. A haƙuri ya kasance iyaka motsi na eyeball daga haƙuri kunnen. Photophobia iya ci gaba. Wadannan cututtuka sau da yawa nuna iyakance kumburi da meninges, wanda bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da amai, juwa ko jiri, unilateral ciwon kai.

Alamun kama da cututtuka mastoiditis furunculosis waje kunne, kazalika da kumburi Lymph nodes located bayan da auricle. Tun wadannan raka'a ana located a cikin tsakiyar yankin na mastoid tsari, suka samar da motsi na Lymph cikin kunne. A wani lafiya a jihar, kowane Lymph kumburi ne sauƙin detectable. Lokacin da cutar duk da Lymph nodes suna smoothed. Lokacin da mastoiditis matsa lamba nodes sa ba m effects a kan mastoid kashi - sa. idan adenitis ake juyawa.

A kwatanta da hanya na da cuta a cikin manya, mastoiditis a yara za a iya halin da nonspecific da ãyõyinMu, kuma ya bayyana a wani asarar ci, zawo, irritability, kadaici daga waje kunne.

Atypical siffofin mastoiditis

Bugu da kari ga hankula siffofin da cutar, likita rarrabe atypical siffofin mastoiditis. A mafi kowa siffofin sun hada da:

• zigomatitsit,
• koli-wuyansa mastoiditis da ciwon hudu subspecies
• A Squam,
• petrozit.

Zigomatitsit - wani irin mastoiditis, a cikin abin da kumburi tsari kara zuwa zygomatic tsari, cheekbones kumburi ya auku a yankin kafin kunne. Da zarar edema an kafa wani ƙurji.

A yara, akwai iya zama "ƙarya" siffofin zigomatitsitov - ƙurji, wanda ba ya shafar sel da tushen da zygomatic tsari. Tun da yara suna da kyau ci gaba ne kawai kogo cewa su sau da yawa ci gaba antritis - kumburi da mucous membrane na antrum mastoid. A baya can, wannan cuta ya kai ga high jariri mace-mace rates.

Squam - a surkin jini aiwatar da cewa rinjayar da na boko kashi.

Idan kumburi zai fara a cikin yankin na boko kashi dala, akwai petrozit. Af, petrozity ci gaba sannu a hankali.

Nau'in koli-wuyansa mastoiditis

By Shane koli mastoiditis sun hada da:

• Betsoldovsky mastoiditis - Pathology, a cikin abin da ruɓaɓɓen jini da aka rarraba a yankin na sternocleidomastoid tsoka, kuma a cikin yanki na mastoid koli can aka busa. A hearth pathologies iya ba zama a bayyane a kan kaikaice tsinkaya tomography boko kashi. Symptomatic mastoiditis da tsari a can farko shi ne matalauci motsi na wuyansa.
• Mastoiditis Chetelli - Pathology a cikin abin da ruɓaɓɓen jini ratsa cikin raya surface na mastoid tsari.
• Mastoiditis Moore - wata cuta a cikin abin da ruɓaɓɓen jini kara tsakanin wuyansa tsokoki saboda kumburi daga cikin mahaifa Lymph kumburi ƙurji da aka kafa. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani kumburi daga cikin wuyansa, sa'an nan zai iya ci gaba fistulas.
• Mastoiditis Orleans - Pathology, a cikin abin da a cikin yankin da babba sashe sternocleidomastoid tsoka kafa busa, taushi a kan matsa lamba. Duk da haka, akwai wani fitarwa na ruɓaɓɓen jini daga kunne, sabanin Betsoldovskogo mastoiditis.

bincikowa da

Yawancin lokaci, ganewar asali "mastoiditis" sa, dangane da haƙuri da likita tarihi. Wannan daukan la'akari ajali kunne Pathology, gudanar far, gaban / rashi na da rikitarwa. kiyasta warwarewarsu da janar jihar kiwon lafiya. Bugu da kari, da ganewar asali ne ba na karshe rawa da haƙuri da gunaguni, dubawa da kuma palpation na kunne, sakamakon otoscopy, audiometry, dakin gwaje-gwaje sallama daga kunne, ido ophthalmoscopy da biomicroscopy. Lissafta tomography - da misali hanya ta wanda mastoiditis kamu. Mene ne wannan? Wannan irin bincike da ba ka damar gani sarai duk da kwanyar tsarin da kuma tantance har na ci gaba surkin jini matakai da su nesa daga kwakwalwa da kuma gyara man fuska jijiya. Wannan dabara dogara ne a kan wani phased binciken tsarin wani abu - idan aka kwatanta da sakamako na X-haskoki a daban-daban a cikin nama yawa. A data samu an hõre hadaddun kwamfuta aiki.

X-ray na kwanyar, misali, taimaka wajen gane fili rarrabe cell ganuwar a sakamakon da kumburi tsari, wanda yake a fili nuni da ci gaban da mastoiditis. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da ake zargin mastoiditis za'ayi asibiti bincike na jini ne da ruɓaɓɓen jini daga kunnen ji na ƙwarai to maganin rigakafi.

Domin yin ganewar asali "mastoiditis", za ka iya bukatar tuntubar wani otolaryngologist ba kawai, amma kuma wasu kwararru - da neurologist, likitan hakori, ophthalmologist, likita.

ra'ayin mazan jiya magani

Yawanci, da Pathology za a iya tsaya a wani wuri mataki. Idan mutum nan da nan ya tambaye ga taimako ga wani gwani da kuma samun dace magani (maganin rigakafi), shi ya tsaya da baza kamuwa da cuta, da kuma shi za a iya zaci cewa haƙuri yana da babu rikitarwa bayyana a nan gaba, wanda ya haddasa mastoiditis.

A magani aka yi kamar haka. Da farko, amfani da m bakan kwayoyin. Bugu da ari, daidai da sakamakon awon nazarin halittu kayan aka sanya da takamaiman maganin rigakafi cewa sun sosai directional sakamako da aka gano a aerobic da anaerobic kwayoyin. Complete kawar da cutar na iya bukatar dogon lokacin da kwayoyin far. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa maganin rigakafi da wahala iya shiga cikin tsarin da mastoid tsari. Har ila yau, ba zai yi jinyar komawa da cutar, dõmin ta kasance wata kullum mastoiditis.

A can farko na lura mastoiditis in babu complicating dalilai a hadaddun da gudana far iya gudanar physiotherapy (UHF, obin na lantarki). A da kyau warkewa sakamako da compresses a yankin bayan da kunne. Af, ba za su iya zama duka Warming da kuma sanyi.

A tartsatsi amfani da maganin rigakafi a raya ƙasashe cin zarafi ba rage da ya faru na mastoiditis da kai ga amfani da ra'ayin mazan jiya magani kan tiyata.

m magani

Sau da yawa, miyagun ƙwayoyi far ba ya samar da cigaba a haƙuri kiwon lafiya. A irin haka ne, m magani daga pathological tafiyar matakai da suka haddasa mastoiditis. The aiki, duk da haka, ba negate layi daya ra'ayin mazan jiya magani.

Daga cikin mafi kowa m dabaru ne myringotomy - incision eardrum - da kuma gabatar da tympanostomy tube, tabbatar tukar tumbi da ruɓaɓɓen jini daga kunnen. Bayan wani lokaci - daga makonni biyu zuwa watanni da dama - wani tube spontaneously shafe ta daga eardrum da incision warkar da sauƙi.

Antromastoidotomy - tiyata, a cikin abin da bude antrum da mastoid trepanning. Manufar tiyata a cikin wannan yanayin ne cikakken kau na shafa kyallen takarda. Akwai lokuta lokacin da m baki cire dukan tsari tare da tip. Irin wannan magudi da aka kira mastoidectomy. Yana da quite hadaddun da makõma zuwa da shi a cikin taron da rikitarwa ko in babu m muhimmancin magani. Yara a karkashin shekaru uku na yin antrotomiyu - magudi da antrum, kamar yadda suke talauci ɓullo da mastoid.

Matsalolin mastoiditis. rigakafin

A rashin kamuwa da cuta, ko cuta magani Saide da kewaye nama, wanda zai iya haifar da daban-daban da rikitarwa, kamar ji hasara, labyrinthitis kuma a matsayin sakamako - a dizziness, ji hasãra. Kamuwa da cuta iya shafar fuska jijiya da kuma sa inna na gyara man fuska tsokoki. Mastoiditis ne sau da yawa a cikin hanyar subperiosteal ƙurji jawo a ci gaba zigomatitsita, skvamita, petrozita, otogenny paresis. Idan kumburi tsari shafi kwakwalwa membrane tasowa meningitis. A gaban wani daga cikin wadannan matsalolin da haƙuri - wannan shi ne mai nuni ga m baki.

Task da kuma wani likita sana'a da kuma haƙuri - su hana ci gaban mastoiditis. Rigakafin cutar da ake da nasaba da rigakafin wani ƙurji na tsakiyar kunne - a Pathology kira "otitis kafofin watsa labarai". Mastoiditis - wata cuta da cewa ba za a iya gudu. Its bayyanar cututtuka da kuma haddasawa bukatar a jawabi a farkon matakai. Jiyya ya zama m da kuma isa.

Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga a nan da mutum rigakafi da kuma tsarin da ikon yin tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta. Yana da muhimmanci a kula da hanci kogo da bakinka, don kauce wa mai kumburi cuta a cikin nasopharynx. Ya taimaka a cikin rigakafin mastoiditis farkon ganewar asali na cututtuka na kunne da dama kwayoyin far.

A cikin labarin da bayanai game da abin da daidai ne mastoiditis. cututtuka, magani na cutar da kareshi. Duk da haka, mu lura da cewa abu kafa daga sama ne zalla familiarization. Saboda haka, idan wani shakka game da cutar kamata nan da nan nemi taimakon likita daga wani gwani.