M expressionism

Tsokaci Expressionism fito a New York a 1940-1950-ies da sauri ya zama daya daga cikin mafi iko da kuma m motsi a cikin tarihi na zamani art. Building a kan nasarorin da Turai avant-garde art, wani rukuni na artists da aka sani da "m expressionists" (ko "New York School"), ta ~ ullo da wani sabon abstraction cewa aka yi, sauki da kuma hadaddun.

Daga cikin artists suka kasance motsi, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Duk da haka, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart. Ko da yake wasu daga cikin key Figures na Tsokaci Expressionism sun baƙi, ciki har da Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, shi ne na farko gaba daya American motsi a cikin art. New York ya zama sabon babban birnin kasar na m bidi'a don shekaru masu zuwa, "shan tafi" a Paris Modern Art alkyabbar shugaban. A New York, ya halitta na gani harshe, wanda aka sosai da ewa isa mafi m sasanninta na duniya.

Sunan "m expressionism" samu daga hade da wani tunanin tsanani halayyar Jamus Expressionist da "antiobraznymi" theories Turai m makarantu (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Bugu da kari, shi ne aka bayyana a matsayin anarchic, sosai musamman, har ma da wasu sassa na nihilism motsi. A aikace, wa'adi ya shafi wani yawan artists aiki a New York a mabanbanta styles, babu wani daga wanda, a wata hanya ba, ba za a iya bayyana a matsayin mai na gargajiya ko m expressionism.

Zane-zane na wadannan artists don ƙirƙirar ƙara manyan-sikelin aiki na da kõme ba su yi tare da kullum yarda da al'ada a cikin art da thematically. Yana da wani tunani na mutum tunaninsu da lamirinsu, don haka suka yi kokarin samun duniya ciki kafofin. Spontaneity da improvisation su ne mafi muhimmanci dalilai a cikin m tsari. Ko da yake ayyukan m expressionists "tsayayya" wani stylistic rarrabuwa, suka za a iya harhada a kusa da biyu babban fifiko: mayar da hankali a kan tsauri da kuma mai kuzari karimcin. zuzzurfan tunani, mayar da hankali da hankali a kan bude wuraren launi. A cikin wani hali, da image, na farko, da wani abstraction. Ko lokacin da image dangane da gani zahiri, m expressionist fĩfĩta hanya, "rasa a tunani".

Tsokaci Expressionism ci gaba a cikin mahallin da dama overlapping juna kafofin. Mutane da yawa artists yi su na farko matakai a cikin farkon 1930s. The Great mawuyacin kara kuzari da zargin biyu m ƙungiyoyi: Ridzhionalizm da Sotsiorealizm. Amma babu wani daga cikinsu bai gamsu da wadannan artists a cikin search for m abun ciki tare da wani karfi da darajar, ya nuna ra'ayin zamantakewa alhakin, amma a lokaci guda free daga provincialism kuma aras siyasa overtones. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mutane da yawa paradoxes na motsi, wanda tushen karya a cikin alama zanen 1930s. Kusan duk Tsokaci Expressionists aka "bugi" a kan kwarewa da girma mawuyacin, su art balaga da a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Ridzhionalizma da Sotsiorealizma. Har ila yau, paved hanya domin mafi m American art effects da assimilation na Turai zamani. A waɗannan shekaru a New York, ta shirya da yawa nune-nunen na Turai avant-garde art, a Bugu da kari, akwai aka horar da darussa zamani. Mafi tasiri malami na zamani art a Amurka ya zama Gans Gofman, wanda ya koma daga Jamus zuwa Amurka har abada a 1932.

A rikicin na yakin duniya na farko da kuma nasa sakamakon ne key zuwa fahimtar matsalolin da kerawa m expressionists. Sun artists, damu game da duhu gefe na bil'adama, anxiously saninsu illogical hali da kuma shigewa mutane dauke da shi da taƙawa zuwa bayyana wadannan matsaloli a cikin art, amma a wani sabon da abun ciki.

Direct lambobi da Turai artists sun karu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wanda ya jagoranci da yawa, ciki har da Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, Andre Masson, Andre Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Leger, neman tsari a Amurka. Surrealists, da su mayar da hankali a kan katin shaida na "tunaninsu da lamirinsu", ya buɗe sababbin hanyoyi. A surrealistic Hanyar don saki da "m" - qwaqwalwa ne qwarai automatism, a cikin abin da wani atomatik karimcin da improvisation sami yancin mataki.

Da farko, da Tsokaci Expressionists a search na maras lokaci jigogi da ban mamaki nuna for wahayi zuwa ga camfin kuma tsaoho art. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis saboda su wajen magana nemi wahayi zuwa a zamanin d ko m al'adu. Farkon ayyuka da artists nuna pictorial da biomorphic abubuwa suna tuba zuwa da dokokinsu. Jung ya m da kuma tunani, da ta affirmation na "gama sõmamme." Direct magana ya na muhimmancin gaske, da kuma shi ne mafi kyau samu ba tare da tunanin (shiryawa).

A mataki na balagagge m expressionism, a 1947, Dzhekson Pollok halitta na musamman da dabara - dripping ko splashing (a babbar zane, hõrarru a kan bene, ya splashed Paint da buroshi).

Willem de Kooning kuma ci gaba kansa dabara gestural style - tsananin sauti, pasty "shanyewar jiki-shanyewar jiki", a cikin halittar da ake kira "alama abstraction."

Lee Krasner, kuma Frants Klayn kasance daidai da aiki tare da kungiyar na wani mashahurin karimcin da art, a cikin abin da kowane yanki na hoto da aka cika (Lee Krasner kira style "hieroglyphic" zanen).

Domin aikin m expressionists darajar da yake a cikin sauƙi na magana. Zanen ne da bude daga cikin asalinsu na gaskiya daga cikin artist. A karimcin ko "sa hannu" na artist - shaida daga cikin halittar tsari.

Da sauran hanyar da a wannan zamanin na balagagge m expressionism ya a search na ma'ana yiwuwa na launi. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman halitta art manyan format launi jirage - "da sauki magana na hadadden tunani," a cewar Mark Rothko.

Marar lalacewa sha'awa cikin m expressionism nuna e kanka ga ta practitioners hulɗa da key ilimi igiyoyin da ya lokaci, ciki har da rayuwa da kuma Jungian Psychology (yana da daraja ambaton, wanda ya na da wani muhimmanci da tasiri a kan expressionism a gine a jariri). Ko da yake rayuwa da hukunci tasiri a kan Tsokaci Expressionists, amma ya da gudummawar da rhetoric na juyayi da kuma rarrabuwa permeates m tattaunawa.

Domin da yawa masu sukar da kuma art tarihi nasara m expressionists wakilci apogee na modernist motsi, fara kusan karni baya.

Tsokaci expressionism ya ci gaba da zauna a shahararren wuri ba kawai a cikin littattafan tarihi na art da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya collections, amma kuma a cikin jama'a sani. Irin wannan dogon roko da shi, babu shakka, shi ne wasiya ga zurfi nasara.