Lokacin Harunar Raymon: sociological rukunan

Faransa masanin Yahudawa asalin, Falsafa da sociologist, kimiyyar siyasa, da siyasa, views Liberal lokacin Harunar Raymon ne kafa epistemological igiyoyin a falsafar tarihi, wanda magoya bayan sun akan hujjar cewa, labarin da aka fassara a cikin sharuddan positivism. Raymond kansa bayar da shawarwari a duniya da kuma deideologization kimiyya. Shi ne kuma mai taimako ga ka'idar masana'antu al'umma. Lokacin Harunar Raymon gudummawar da liyafar na Jamus ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, alal misali, wani tsarin ra'ayoyi na Max Weber a Faransa. A matsayin 'yar jarida, ya rubuta fiye da 30 littattafai. Domin wani lokaci, shi ne wata siyasa columnist ga jaridar "Le Figaro". A kan tushen da siyasa yarda dasu, ya yi imani da cewa jihar kamata haifar da dokokin da za su tabbatar da 'yanci, daidaito, kima, da kuma tabbatar da su aiwatar.

Lokacin Harunar Raymon: biography

A nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a 1905 a Lorraine, a rambervillers, ɗan} in yahudawa, gaba daya assimilated cikin su muhalli. Mahaifinsa, Gustav lokacin Harunar, wani farfesa game da dokoki, kuma uwa - Syuzan Lawi - a wadanda mutane mace, a 'yan qasar na Alsace. Ba da da ewa iyali koma Paris.

Ilimi lokacin Harunar Raymon yana cikin École normale supérieure. Ga ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa Jean-Paul Sartre. A tsawon rayuwar sũ, sun kasance mafi kyau abokai, amma a lokaci guda na fasaha adawar. Raymond haskaka su ilmi da jarrabawa a falsafa a mataki agrégé tattara da mafi yawan maki da kuma lashe farko wuri. Yana da aka gaske mai girma kalubale! A halin yanzu, Sartre bai isar da kasa jarrabawa. A cikin shekaru 25, Raymond zama likita na falsafa na tarihi.

a Jamus

Bayan kammala karatu daga Paris School lokacin Harunar ya tafi zuwa Jamus zuwa lacca a Cologne da kuma Berlin jami'o'i. Ga ya ga yadda Nazis ƙone "smart" littafin. A sa'an nan ya fitar da wani kyama ga totalitarianism, da farkisanci. Lokacin da ikon a Jamus Hitler ya zo, ya yi komawa zuwa France saboda su kare lafiya.

koyarwa

Dawo gida, sai ya fara koyarwa zamantakewa falsafa da kuma ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Jami'ar Le Havre (ba za a rikita batun tare da Harvard). Tun 1934 ya an koyar for game da 5 shekaru da kuma aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Ecole Normale Supérieure, wanda da zarar gama.

Sa'an nan lokacin Harunar Raymon koma Toulouse, inda ya lectured a kan zamantakewa falsafa. Kafin farkon yakin duniya na II ya dauki bangare a cikin Paris Colloquium Walter Lippmann, mai suna bayan sanannen American jarida. Wannan fasaha taron da aka shirya Louis Rougier.

The yaki a cikin rãyuwar Arona Raymona

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, kafin barkewar yaki shi ya kasance wani farfesa na zamantakewa falsafa a jami'ar Toulouse birni. Amai da koyarwa aiki, sai ya tafi gaba da bauta a cikin Air Force a Faransa, da kuma bayan da sojojin da aka ci da 'yan kasar da aka shagaltar da ta Nazis, sai ya tafi a kan sauran gefe na Channel, a Albion.

A nan, shi ne m to motsi "Yin yãƙi a Faransa", wanda ya kasance a karkashin shugabanci na Charles de Gaulle da kuma a wanda yayi m mujallar "Free France". Haruna ya zama ta edita. Print kasashen waje, sun staryutsya kula da morale takwarorin.

Raymond lokacin Harunar: Akayi na ci gaba sociological tunani

Bayan da Jamus invaders bar France, da masanin kimiyyar dawo gida kuma ta dawo koyarwa. Wannan lokaci ya samun a cikin National School of Administration, kazalika a cikin Paris Cibiyar politissledovany, inda ya koyar da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Farkon sociological ra'ayoyi na Arona ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar neo (Baden makaranta). A cikin rubuce-rubucen, ya ƙaryata game da dokokin na ci gaba na al'umma kuma wa'azi da matsananci relativism cewa iyaka a kan irrationality.

Daga baya ya koma baya daga sãsannin priori da relativism kuma matso kusa da matsayi na Max Weber a ka'idar "manufa iri" a cikin binciken na tarihi. A cikin kimiyya da ayyuka a kan tarihin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma, lokacin Harunar tausaya ra'ayin mazan jiya nufi Durkheim da Tocqueville. Ya aka yaushe kokarin haifar da wani "madadin" version na tarihi jari-hujja.

Rukunan Arona

Shi ne daya daga cikin mawallafa na manufar de-ideologization. Ya rike matsayin musun gwada haƙiƙa tarihi dokokin, da gabban hulda da dangantakar da samar da m sojojin, kazalika da manufar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa samuwar.

Ilimin halayyar Arona Raymona daukan ga abu na zamantakewa da bincike samu daga kayadadden dalilai, kamar dalili, darajar fuskantarwa da wani mataki batutuwa, da ra'ayi na mutumin da yake an bincike. Wannan dabarar, bisa ga ra'ayoyi na Arona, shi ne wani sabon, "ba akida" ka'idar al'umma. Shi ne kadai daidai ka'idar, tun nazarin "da ta wanzu a zahiri."

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, Hãrũna shĩ ne kuma ya kafa na janar ka'idar dukan masana'antu al'umma. Ya dauki kansa mai bin Saint-Simon Long da kuma sau da yawa ake magana a kai su.

Mafi shahara aiki na Raymond

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, shi ne kuma wani dan jarida, kuma marubucin kan 30 littattafai, daga gare su, mafi shahara ne "opium of masana". Raymond lokacin Harunar rubuta shi a shekarar 1955. Ta sanya wani fantsama. Rigingimu a kan wannan littafi ba a daina yau. Shi ne har yanzu dacewa.