Lissafi na tushe. Misali na lissafi na kafuwar tari, sanda, columnar, monolithic, slab. Lissafi na kafuwar tushe: wani misali. kafuwar lissafi na rollover: Example

Amfani da misali hanyoyin sauƙaƙe shiryawa da kuma lissafi da kwasfansu, da wani misali na lissafi na kafuwar ya rage wuya da lissãfi. Bisa ga shawarwarin da aka ba a cikin labarin iya kauce wa kurakurai a cikin shiri na zabi tsarin (columnar, tari, sanda ko slab irin).

columnar tushe

Alal misali, ta amfani da daya-storey gini da sigogi cikin sharuddan 6x6 m, kuma ganuwar da katako 15x15 cm (volumetric nauyi na 789 kg / m³), trimmed a kan m gefen yi na rufi rufi. Hula da ginin da aka yi na kankare: tsawo - 800 mm Nisa - 200 mm (volumetric taro na kankare abu - 2099 kg / m³). Yana dogara ne a kan wani karfafa kankare katako sashe 20x15 (volumetric yi w / w - 2399). A ganuwar da tsawo na 300 cm, da kuma Slate rufin aka bambanta da biyu tudun lodi. Cap da kuma jefa sanya na alluna shirya a kan bim giciye sashe 15x5, kuma makaran tare da ma'adinai ulu (girma rufi taro ne 299 kg).

Sanin kaya nagartacce (SNIP), za a iya yadda ya kamata gudanar da wani lissafi na tushe. Misali lissafi na kafuwar ba ka damar da sauri cika lissafin domin ginin da kansa.

lodi norms

• A plinth - 149,5 kg / m².
• Cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi - 75.
• Kullum domin snow loading yanki a tsakiyar band na RF ya 99 kg / m² tare da girmamawa ga rufin area (kwance sashe).
• Bisa daban-daban da gatura kawo daban-daban matsa lamba lodi.

Matsa lamba a kan kowane axis

Madaidaici Manuniya tsarin da tsaiko lodi damar daidai lissafi da kwasfansu. Misali na lissafi na tushe ne ba domin saukaka novice magina.

A zane matsa lamba na "1" axis da kuma "3" (karshe bango):

• Daga cikin log bango zoba: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². Wannan adadi da aka yawaita da kauri daga cikin tsaye zoba na 20 cm (tare da izni ga waje kare). Samu: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 m.
• Daga gefen katako: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
• Daga tushe: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Daga hula. Lasafta jimlar taro na duk zoba, sa'an nan kuma daukan 1/4 ɓangare na shi.

Rajistan ayyukan da bangarorin 5x15 sanya kowane 500 mm. Su nauyi ne 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 kg.

Wajibi ne domin sanin da nauyin da kasa slab da kuma m kunshe a cikin lissafi sansanonin. Misali na lissafi na kafuwar Layer nuna rufi kauri daga 3 cm.

The girma ne 6 mm x 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Bugu da ari, da darajar da aka yawaita da 800, a total adadin zuwa 1700 kg.

Ma'adinai ulu rufi ciwon kauri daga 15 cm.

Volumetric Manuniya daidaita 15 x 360 = 540 cm³. Lokacin da ta tara da da yawa daga 300,01 samu 1620 kg.

Total: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 kg. All raba da 4, mun samu 1.25 m.

• Daga cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi ~ 1200 kg.
• Daga cikin rufin: jimlar taro na gangara (1 / 2kryshi) shan la'akari da taro na rufin katakan, da kuma Slate dabe grating - kawai 50 kg / m² x 24 = 1200 kg.

Kullum domin lodi na columnar Tsarin (zuwa "1" axis da kuma "3" ake bukata a sami 1/4 ɓangare na jimlar matsa lamba a kan rufin) damar da lissafi na tari tushe. An misali na tsarin karkashin shawara shi ne manufa domin gina da magani.

• Daga tushe (600.0 x 600,0) / 4 = 900,0 x 150,0 kg / m² = 1350,0 kg.
• Daga cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi: 2 sau kasa da daga hula.
• Snow: (100 kg / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

A takaice: a takaice gwada tsarin lodi na 9.2 ton, dokokin matsa lamba - 4.1. A kowane aksali "1" da "3" da load game 13.3 m.

Sanyata matsa lamba axially "2" (tsakãtsaki ce a tsaye line):

• Daga cikin log bango overlapping, gefen katako da kuma surface na plinth kama kaya dabi'u na "1" axis da kuma "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• Na tafiya da kuma cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, suna da biyu Figures 2600 2400 = 5000 kg.

Kasa kullum kaya da kuma lissafi na kafuwar tushe. Amfani da Example kimanin dabi'u:

• Daga tushe: 2800 kg.
• Daga cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi: 1400.

A takaice: jimlar index sanyata matsa lamba ne 10.5 t, normative loadings - 4.2 m "2" axis da nauyin game 14700 kg ..

Matsa lamba a kan axis "A" da "B" (da su kẽta line)

Lissafi an yi dangane da tsarin nauyi log bango overlaps randbalok da kuma hula (3, 0.5 da kuma 2 m). A matsa lamba a kan kafuwar wadannan ganuwar zai zama: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 kg.

Number of sandunan

Don sanin yawan ginshiƙai a cikin sashe 0.3 m, aka dauke ƙasa juriya (R):

• Lokacin da R = 2,50 kg / cm² (sau da yawa amfani awo) da kuma hali takalma yanki 7,06 m² (for sauki, lissafin dauki kadan darajar - 7 m²), an nuna alama na daya shafi dauke da iya aiki ne: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 75 ton.
• Misali na lissafi na columnar tushe ƙasa juriya R = 1,50 daukan wadannan nau'i: F = 1.5 x 1.05 = 7.
• Lokacin da R = 1,0 ne halin da daya shafi kaya damar p = 1.0 x 7 = 0.7.
• Resistance na ruwa gona 2 sau kasa da m darajar tebur fihirisa ne 1.0 kg / cm². A zurfin 150 cm, da talakawan ne 0,55. The hali damar da shafi ne P = 0.6 x 0.42 = 7.

Domin da aka zaɓa gida bukata girma 0.02 m³ kankare.

sakawa batu

• A karkashin rufi bango: tare da Lines da "1" da "3" tare da wani nauyi na ~ 13.3 m.
• Axis "2" tare da wani nauyi na ~ 14.700 kg.
• A karkashin rufi bango na gatura "A" da "B" da nauyin ~ 5500 kg.

Idan kana bukatar yin lissafi da rollover tushe, misali daga lissafin da dabarbari aka ba ga manyan gidãje. su ba su yi amfani da kewayen birni yankunan. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa nauyi rarraba, wanda ke bukatar mai da hankali lissafi na yawan zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.

Misalai na kirga yawan ginshikan ga duk gona da iri

Misali 1:

R = 2,50 kg / cm²

Domin bango slabs tare da wani sashi na "1" da "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.

Bisa ga "2" axis:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 inji mai kwakwalwa.

Tare da segments "A" da "B":

5,5 / 1,75 = 3,1.

Kawai game da 31 shafi. Volumetric nuni kankare abu ne 31 x 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

MISALI 2:

R = 1,50

Ta hanyar da "1" da "3" ~ 12 sanduna.

Bisa ga "2" axis ~ 14.

Tare da segments "A" da "B" ~ 6.

Total ~ 50 guda. Volumetric nuni kankare kayan ~ 1.0 m³.

MISALI 3:

Kasa, za ka iya koyi da yadda muke lissafi a monolithic tushe. An misali ne ba don a ƙasa tare da tebur index R = 1,0. Yana daukan wadannan nau'i:

Ta hanyar da "1" da "2" ~ 19 inji mai kwakwalwa.

A kan garu "2" ~ 21.

Tare da segments "A" da "B" ~ 8.

Total - 75 sanduna. Volume index of kankare abu ne game 1.50 m³.

Misali 4:

R = 0,60

Ta hanyar da "1" da "3" ~ 32 inji mai kwakwalwa.

Bisa ga "2" axis ~ 35.

Tare da segments "A" da "B" ~ 13.

Total - 125 posts. Volume index of kankare abu ne game da 250 cc.

A cikin farko biyu lissafin kusurwa posts suna shigar a rarrabawa da gatura da a tsaye Lines - tare da wannan farar. A karkashin ginshiki na karshen ganuwar da ginshiƙai ana jefa a karfafa kankare baki katako formwork.

Misali №3 a kan intersecting gatura shirya a shafi 3. A irin wannan yawan sansanonin harhada tare da "1" axis, "2" da kuma "3". Daga cikin magina na wannan fasaha da aka kira da "daji". A wani raba "daji" ake bukata don kafa na kowa w / w headroom-katakon ninkaya a harsashin ci gaba da kara ta jeri a kan ginshiƙanta, wanda aka located a kan gatura "A" da "B" randbalok.

MISALI №4 damar a mahada da a tsaye sassa na Lines (1-3) yi "bushes" na 4 sandunan tare da kara installing su kawo karshen ganuwar, grills. A su sanya karkashin plinth na gefen masaƙa.

tef tushe

Don kwatanta, a kasa lasafta tsiri tushe. An misali ne da aka ba a cikin ra'ayi na wuriyar 150 cm zurfin (nisa - 40). A tashar da aka cika da cakuda da yashi da 50 cm, shi ne kara cika da kankare zuwa tsawo na daya mita. Yana bukatar ci gaban ƙasa (1,800 cc), kwanciya a yashi sulusi da murabba'i (600) da kuma kankare (1200).

Daga 4-columnar tushe don kwatanta da aka dauka na uku.

Borer aiki yi a kan wani yanki na 75 cm³ da juyin gona 1.5 cubic mita, ko 12 sau karami (sauran gona da ake amfani da backfill). Da bukatar a kankare mix - 150 cc, ko game da 8 sau karami, da kuma a cikin yashi sulusi da murabba'i - 100 (shi ake bukata a ƙasa da goyon bayan bim). Kusa da kafuwar halitta bincike rami da damar sanin jihar na gona. By tabular data 1 da 2 da aka zaba juriya.

Muhimmanci! A kasa Lines na wadannan data zai ba da damar a gudanar da wani lissafi na kafuwar slab - kafa misali ga duk gona da iri.

Resistance m ƙasa

Table. 1

Ƙasa juriya ga substrate, kg / cm ³

yashi sulusi da murabba'i	The yawa matakin
	m	Sredneplotny
manyan	4,49	3,49
tsakiya	3,49	2.49
Kananan: malovlazhnogo / rigar	3-2,49	2
Dusty: malovlazhnogo / rigar	2,49-1,49	2-1

Table. 2

Resistance lãka ƙasa

ƙasa	matakin porosity	ƙasa juriya, kg / cm 3
		m	sassauci
yashi loam	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
loam	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
lãka ƙasa	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

slab tushe

A mataki na farko lasafta farantin kauri. Kai da taro na rabin-sarari, wanda ya hada da kafuwa nauyi, rufi da kuma karin load. A cewar wannan nuna alama da farantin yanki da aka lasafta cikin sharuddan da matsa lamba na sarari a ƙasa ba tare da wani tushe nauyi.

Lasafta taro wanda rasa farantin zuwa ga makoma matsa lamba ga kasar gona (lafiya yashi ga wannan adadi zai zama 0,35 kg / cm², wani talakawan yawa - 0.25, wuya da kuma ductile yashi loam - 0.5, wani m lãka - 0.5 da kuma drapable - 0.25).

A fannin tushe kada wuce yanayi:

S> KH × F / Kp × R,

inda S - harsãshin gini ga tafin kafa.

Kh - coefficient domin sanin AMINCI support (shi ne 1.2);

F - jimlar nauyin duk faranti.

Kp - coefficient cewa kayyade yanayin aiki.

R - juriya na kasar gona.

misali:

• Free taro na ginin - 270 000 kg.
• Sigogi a cikin shirin - 10x10, ko 100 m².
• Gona - danshi baƙin yumɓu 0,35 kg / cm².
• Da yawa daga cikin karfafa kankare ne 2.7 kg / cm³.

Weight faranti lags ta 80 t - ne 29 cubes na kankare mix. 100 murabba'ai, ta kauri yayi dace da 29 cm, saboda haka 30 ne riƙi.

Total farantin nauyi ne 2.7 x 30 = 81 ton.

A total taro na ginin da kafuwar - 351.

Farantin yana da wani kauri daga 25 cm: ta taro ne 67,5 m.

Samu 270 + 67,5 = 337,5 (kasa matsa lamba na 3,375 t / m²). Wannan shi ya isa ga aerated kankare gini da ciminti yawa matsawa V22,5 (farantin mark).

Structure Definition rollover

Lokacin HU ne m da shan la'akari da iska gudun da kuma yankin na da ginin, wanda ya yi tasiri. Ƙarin kayyade ake bukata, sai dai in da wadannan yanayin:

HU = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - dagawa karfi iska mataki a kan rufin (a cikin wannan misali shi ne 20.1 kN).

Q - lasafta m asymmetrical kaya (a kan yanayin ayyuka da shi ne daidai 2785,8 kPa).

A lissafi na sigogi muhimmanci a yi la'akari da wuri daga cikin ginin, gaban ciyayi da kuma gina wani yawan kayayyaki. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa yanayin da ma'aunan kasa dalilai.

A bisa kididdigar da aka yi amfani da bayar da misali ayyukansu. Idan ya cancanta, kai-gina gini bada shawarar tuntubar masana.