Hudu, saukarwa cewa faye hali juyin halitta daga cikin tsarin duniya monetary

A ranar, da duniya monetary tsarin ne mai hadaddun, hanzari tasowa, da kuma mayar da tsarin. Babu shakka, babban kasashen da ba daya ko wani vector, wanda kayyade ci gaban da duniya monetary tsarin, su ne kasashen da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda wannan naúrar 'yan wasa a duk kasuwanni na duniya yana da wani muhimman hakkokin amfani a zinariya-kudin damar.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa juyin halitta na duniya monetary tsarin hada hudu cikakken tsawon mataki, wanda dogara ne a kan hudu daban-daban na duniya monetary dangantakar tsarin. A farko mataki na ci gaba, ko kuma wajen, da samuwar mataki, wani tsarin da ake kira zinariya misali. Tare da wannan tsarin, wani kudin, wanda ya circulated a kasuwannin cikin gida (a mafi yawan kasashen) za a iya samun sauƙin fassara a cikin zinariya. Mun kafa irin wannan dangantaka quite spontaneously, kuma shi ya faru a game da karshen karni na 19th. A fili yake cewa duk matakai na raya kasa na duniya monetary tsarin, ciki har da zinariya misali da kansa musamman fasali. A wannan yanayin, shi: kowane kudin naúrar yana da wani abun ciki na zinariya m. convertibility cikin zinariya ya faru, duka a cikin jihar da kuma waje da shi. da samuwar wani sarari hulda tsakanin zinariya reserves na kasar da kuma daidai kudi a wurare dabam dabam. Wadannan matakai na raya kasa na duniya monetary tsarin nuna ta gaban wani ajali musayar kudi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani ajali kudi a kan lokaci tare da ci gaban tattalin arziki da dangantakar ya rasa ta ma'anar da aka maye gurbinsu da mai jiwuwa tsarin na darussa.

A mataki na biyu, wanda ya samu ci gaba na duniya monetary tsarin, ya zama zinariya musayar misali. Jigon wannan tsarin rage yiwuwar musayar kudin kasashen waje a kan abin da ake kira da kasashen waje musayar, cewa shi ne, cak, promissory bayanin kula, takardar kudi na sauran kasashe, wanda, bi da bi, za a iya yi musayar kai tsaye a zinariya. Wannan lokaci, don ci gaba da kara ci gaba da na duniya monetary tsarin, an soma ta duniya al'umma a cikin Genoa taron, da aka gudanar a 1922. Kamar yadda ka sani, da rawar da taken kudin a wannan lokaci da aka gabatar da Birtaniya kore kuma, ba shakka, da US dollar. Yana da aka tun sa'an nan kuma ya fara da ainihin dominance na kudin a duniya kasuwanni.

A na gaba mataki, abin da ya faru da juyin halitta daga cikin tsarin duniya monetary, ya zama saba mana zinariya musayar misali. Wannan tsarin da aka kafa a karkashin matsin da kuzari canza yanayin tattalin arzikin duniya a cikin tsawon 30th - 50th shekaru na karshe karni. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, bisa manufa, de jure, da tsarin da aka halatta a shekarar 1944 a Amurka Bretton Woods. A wannan yanayin, monetary kudin musanyar kai tsaye, ba tare da hannu na zinariya, wanda shi ne babba al'amurran da kungiyar na duniya kudin Sin. Ya kamata a lura cewa zinariya a halin yanzu tasowa, kamar yadda a baya, saukarwa na ci gaba da duniya monetary tsarin, ya kiyaye ta aiki da kuma fifiko na karshe yarjejeniya tsakanin daban-daban jihohi.

A lamba na kasa da kasa crises, musamman da makamashi a shekara ta 1974, a karshe kuma ba fashi ragu da Bretton Woods tsarin. A shekarar 1976, juyin halitta daga cikin tsarin duniya monetary ya koma cikin ta karshe mataki, a kalla a yanzu mataki na ci gaba. A rarrabe da wannan mataki da aka abolition na zinariya kamar yadda wani monetary naúrar ayyuka. Shi ya zama irin mai kayayyaki, duk da haka, sosai ruwa. Sama da duka, a wannan lokaci kafa wani tsarin da ake kira iyo kudi, wanda muka gani a yau.