History of Talla Hukumomin

A farko talla hukumar a duniya

Na dogon lokaci duk da talla da aka za'ayi kawai a baka form. Mutane suna faɗa da juna da latest news, muka yi magana, game da sababbin kayayyakin da qirqire-qirqire, kuma, da ita touting wani samfurin ko sabis. A canje-canje bi kawai bayan halittar kafofin watsa labarai (kafofin watsa labarai). Wannan shi ne muhimmin matsakaici da wanda irin wannan sana'a aka haife kamar yadda wani mai talla, sa'an nan da aka halitta da farko talla hukumomin. Yana duk fara da takarda da jaridu har farkon karni na 20th suka ƙare. Kuma alhãli kuwa, shi ba da haske da kuma m gani sha'awa da hotuna da kuma baki-da-fari rubutu da 'yan misalai.

A source na jaridar kasuwanci ya Benjamin Franklin. Shĩ ne da ya shahara ba kawai a cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma kimiyya filin, amma kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafe. A 1784, a Birnin Philadelphia ta fara wallafa kullum jarida, mai suna nuna da talla bangaren, - The Pennsylvania Packet da Janar tallace-tallace. "A tallace-tallace" a cikin title na wannan takarda za a iya fassara a matsayin "mutumin da ajiye talla," da kuma matsayin "mai jarida ad." Saboda haka, shi ne bayyananne cewa na farko da ma'anar daga cikin na zamani kalmar "talla" An "classified" ko in ba haka ba - bayanai. Tare da kara kwafi jaridu ta ƙara samun riba da kuma tallace-tallace, duka biyu don wallafa da kuma tallace-tallace.

Saboda haka wanda ya halicci duniya ta farko talla hukumar? A wannan ci to har yanzu muhawara. Babban tambaya ya zauna kamar yadda irin wannan - ko Kamfanin dillancin labarai tare da talla sarari to la'akari da wani talla hukumar?

Wannan Kamfanin dillancin labarai da aka halitta a 1842, Volney Palmer, a 'yan qasar na Pennsylvania. Ya fara aiki a cikin jaridar, sa'an nan ya kafa "American Kamfanin dillancin labarai." An dauke da farko a Amurka (har ma da duniya) talla hukumar. Palmer, ba shakka, ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban da talla kasuwanci. Ya ciyar a jaridu talla kayayyakin da kuma haifar da talla sashen a cikin jarida ko sa'an nan, ba kawai sayar da jarida sarari ga duk wanda yake so ya saya.

Amma da more kowa version har yanzu a matsayin cewa na farko talla hukumar ya NW Ayer & Ɗan. Yana da aka kafa a Philadelphia, da kuma ta (rufe a 2002) dade fiye da shekaru 100.

Kafin halittar musamman Talla Hukumomin da kuma rawar da jamiái daga cikin ayyukan yi da sarari dillalai - «dillalai wanda kasuwanci bugu yankunan." Jamiái sun sayi talla kasuwanci sa'an nan sayar da su zuwa jaridu, wanda sai da babban matsaloli tare da samun tallace-tallace daga sauran birane ko yankunan karkara.

Shekaru hudu daga baya, wani sabon fi so daga cikin matasa talla kasuwanci - Dzheyms Tompson. Ya sayi kamfanin dillancin na tsohon m, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin akawu kafin. Wannan dillancin ma ikirarin zama na farko. Yana da aka halitta a 1864 a New York, shekaru biyar a baya fiye da kamfanin dillancin NW Ayer & Ɗan. Dzheyms Tompson sayi kasuwanci for $ 1,300. Ya sake masa suna cikin J. Walter Thompson da kuma kawo a cikin wani yawan tallace shugabannin kasuwanci. A dillancin farko qware a mujallar talla. Wato, shi ne gaba da yawa zamani sababbin abubuwa: su ne kashi na farko na kudi shirin yakin neman zabe, ya fara yi wa aikinsu na mata da kuma samar da farko talabijin shirin. A dillancin ne a halin yanzu Thompson shi ne mafi girma Amurka talla hukumar da kuma daya daga cikin hudu mafi girma a Talla Hukumomin a duniya.

A farko hukumar na da irin wannan da aka iyakance zuwa shiga tsakani ayyuka. Agency sandarsa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya quite kananan, don haka ba ya haifar da tallace-tallace da kanta. Irin wannan wakili tsunduma kawai kai tsaye talla a jarida. Shi ne kawai a 1891 farko talla hukumar tare da cikakken sabis da aka kafa a New York. Dzhordzh Batten, darektan na hukumar, hayar da kuma Edita, da kuma horar da illustrators. A sakamakon haka, wannan hukuma yayi ayyuka a Shirin zanen, zane, shiri domin bugu na tallace-tallace da kuma ajiye su a jaridu ko mujallu. Firm Batten wata babbar nasara. Wannan hukuma ya zama wajaba a daya daga cikin mafi nasara Talla Hukumomin na XX karni.

A farko talla hukumar a Rasha


Talla kasuwanci a Rasha ya fara ta ci gaba ne kawai bayan an soke serfdom. Kafin cewa tallace-tallace da aka buga a jihar jaridu, shi ya zama yanzu sosai real batun na jaridar a kudi na tallace-tallace.

Daya bayan wani ya fara bude wani iri-iri na wallafe, kuma a 1878 halitta na farko talla hukumar a Rasha - "Tsakiya Ofishin talla." Its kafa ya Ludwig Mettsl (shi ya kasance wani Czech ta asalin). The ayyuka na farko da talla da hukumomin da aka samun talla na daban-daban hali da kuma ajiye su a cikin jaridu. Mettsl da farko ya yi aiki tare da lardin bugu, amma tare da ci gaban da kasuwar, kuma ya kama da babban birnin kasar ta jaridu. By farkon XX karni reshe na talla hukumar riga ya wanzu a Warsaw, da kuma a New York, da kuma Berlin, da kuma Paris.

Ya na farko hukumar a cikin abin da ad rubutu da aka halitta da kwararru. Kafin Mettslya Rasha manema bai sami irin samun kudin shiga, da kuma akwai kudi daga biyan kuɗi. Ayyukan Mettslya sauri raya cinikayya a m sasanninta na kasar, wannan ne mai matukar tasiri a kan tattalin arzikin Rasha a matsayin dukan.

Agency Mettslya ciyar ba kawai wasu mutane ta kasuwanci, amma kuma ciyar da kasuwanci da janyo hankalin sabon abokan ciniki a cikin talla sarari. Tun da yake da'awarsu, na ofishin aka canza kama zuwa wani "Rasha hadin gwiwa-Stock Company Sanarwa" Kuma kamar wancan ne fadada kewayon ayyuka. Yanzu jami'an hukumar da aka tallata texts, taken da aka tasowa fassara shi zuwa wasu harsuna, kazalika da kayan ado na jaridar talla. A musamman sashen ya ɓullo da wani cikakken sikelin talla kamfen da kuma gabatarwa da dabarun. Duk dole ne ka san kalmar "talla - da mota cinikayya" - shi ne ma sabuwar dabara na farko talla hukumar Mettslya. Wannan magana da aka ce sun ƙirƙira babban darektan kamfanin V. A. Polyakov.