Health inshora a Rasha da kuma da fasali. A ci gaba da kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha

Health inshora - wani nau'i na kariya na yawan jama'ar, wanda shi ne a tabbatar da biyan likita taimako a kudi na tara kudi. Ya tabbatar da wani dan kasa na arziki na ayyuka da kuma free a cikin hali na kiwon lafiya matsaloli. Next, bari mu magana game da abin da yake kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha. Its siffofin za su yi kokarin ganin yadda yawa daki-daki kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Concepts

Wajibi kiwon lafiya inshora (MHI) da aka aiwatar a daidai da jihar shirin. Shi ne duniya domin 'yan ƙasa. Da son rai da inshorar kiwon lafiya a Rasha sa ya yiwu a samu ƙarin ayyuka ba ta rufe MLA. Wannan na iya zama wani yawan ziyara zuwa kwararru, asibiti kula, da sauransu. By musharaka a cikin son rai da shirin, mutumin da ya zaɓa cikin daban da kuma girma na ayyuka, da ma'aikata a wanda ya so domin a bauta masa. A ƙarshe na kwangila abokin ciniki biya kudin, wanda ya yale shi ya cikin wani lokaci zuwa sama sabis karkashin zaba shirin a wani ƙarin kudin. Bari mu bincika wasu sharuddan.

Inshora - wani mutum wanda yana biya gudunmawar. Yana iya zama wani mutum ko kungiyar.

A insurer - mai shari'a mahaluži cewa daukawa fitar da inshorar kiwon lafiya.

Warkewa da kuma prophylactic cibiyoyin (MPI) - cibiyoyin da samar da wani fanni na kiwon lafiya da sabis na mutane da daban-daban cututtuka. Wadannan sun hada da: warkewa, m, tabin hankali, neurological, yara kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin, na haihuwa asibitoci da kuma cibiyoyin fi.

Policy - wani daftarin aiki mai gaskatãwa ga mutum musharaka a cikin shirin.

Health inshora kungiyar (CMO) - a shari'a mahaluži da rajista babban birnin kasar, wanda aka tsunduma a zalla son rai ko wajibi kiwon lafiya inshora. Ayyukan da za'ayi a cikin biyu kwatance:

• jari na kudi don samar da taimako ga mutanen da;
• jarrabawa bayan samun sabis.

A ci gaba da kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha

Stage 1 (1861-1903 biennium).

da yi da aka soma, gabatar da OMC tsarin a Rasha. Lokacin da mallakar gwamnati masana'antu da aka kafa tarayya da kuma na biyu ofisoshin, ta hanyar abin da bayar da wucin gadi tawaya amfani jama'a, daukan adibas. A 1866, akwai asibitoci tare da wani yawan gadaje a masana'antu. A general, irin likita ma'aikatan agaji bai so.

Phase 2 (1903-1912 biennium).

Health inshora a Rasha tsira da farko m mataki a cikin 1903, lokacin da dokar da aka wuce, bisa ga abin da m da alhakin lalacewar sa ga lafiyar ma'aikata a hali na hatsarori.

Stage 3 (Yuni 1912 - Yuli 1917).

A 1912, da dokar da aka wuce OMC a yanayin saukan hatsarori da kuma rashin lafiya. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation akwai cũta kudi. Ma'aikata a kudi na 'yan kasuwa taimaka a hudu yankunan: asali, da kuma outpatient asibiti kula. Haihuwa.

Stage 4 (Yuli 1917 - Oktoba 1917).

Wajibi kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha da aka ƙwarai canza kama ta wucin gwamnatin:

• akwai bukatun ga kiwon lafiya inshora kudi.
• kara yawan da inshora.
• kiwon lafiya kamfanonin inshora garwaya ba tare da yardarka daga cikin masu.

Stage 5 (Oktoba 1917 - Nuwamba 1921).

Jawabi da aka yi umurni da cikakken zaman lafiya inshora a Rasha, wanda ya shafi dukkan ijara-ma'aikata, ko da tawaya dalilai. Garwaya narkomzdravovskoy da kuma kiwon lafiya inshora. Medicine aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Office of the People ta Commissariat na Lafiya. Kau da tsabar kudi littãfi magani.

Stage 6 (Nuwamba 1921 - 1929).

New Tattalin Policy aka reintroduced zamantakewa inshora a hali na disablement. Taimako rates aka lasafta bisa ga yawan mutanen da aiki a cikin sha'anin. Domin transfer na kudi, biyu kudi da aka shirya. Daya shi ne a zubar da zamantakewa inshora jikinsu, na biyu - kiwon lafiya.

Stage 7 (1929 - ba)

A na gaba shekaru 60 da kafa ka'idojin da kudade tsarin. Wannan shi ne yadda shi ne ci gaban da kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha.

A zamani tsarin

Health inshora a Rasha a lokacin wanzu a cikin uku siffofin. A jihar cikakken goyon daga kasafin kudin. Inshora da aka kafa ta da jari na gudummuwa daga Enterprises dukkan siffofin dukiya da kuma SP gudunmawar. The adadin kudi da aka samu a cikin zaman kansa magani, lasafta ta haƙuri.

A jihar shirin ba samar da high quality-kula da lafiya, saboda rashin ku] i. Private magani - wani tsada da yardarSa. Saboda haka medstrahovanie dauki mafi ganiya daya domin neman taimako. Fi dacewa, duk mutane ya kamata sami high quality-sabis. Lalle ne, mita na biya ba da ya dace magani a cikin jama'a hukumomin kiwon lafiya. Wannan shi ne jari manufa. Kuma tun da taimako kudi da Rasha Health Insurance Asusun duk 'yan ƙasa da aka saita guda, da girma na biya ya zama daidai.

chi

Wajibi kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha shi ne wani ɓangare na gwamnati zamantakewa shirye-shirye. A cikin tsarin na duk 'yan ƙasa da wani daidai damar samun da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma kiwon lafiya taimako a cikin pre-kayyade adadin da yanayi.

A Rasha, akwai asali da kuma yankin shirye-shirye. Su ayyana irin taimako da kuma hukumomin gwamnati da 'yan kasa da suke zaune a wasu sassa na yankin. Da farko ci gaba da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, da yarda da sauran jihar gwamnati jikinsu.

A makirci na aikin

Kamfanoni lissafa a kan kowane wata na 3.6% na FOP a MLA. Daga cikin wadannan, 3.4% biya zuwa yankin da kuma 0.2% - a cikin tarayya Chi Asusun. Ga wadanda ba aiki yawan gudunmawar biya ta jiha. Dukansu kudi ne raba abokai da cewa tara kudi, tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na tsarin da kuma tsara a layi kudaden gudanarwa. A tara kudi ke biya ga sa girma daga likita da sabis.

Kamfanonin inshora gama da LPU taimako yarjejeniyarsu OMS policyholders masu, kare bukatun abokan ciniki, iko da lokaci, ikon yinsa, da kuma ingancin sabis. Mahalarta na iya zama duka Rasha 'yan ƙasa da kuma wadanda ba mazauna. Duk da haka, kamar yadda Game da karshen, da jerin ayyuka samuwa a gare su ne iyaka.

Yankin Chi shirin

Wannan daftarin aiki ma'anar da ikon yinsa, samar da jama'a tare da free kiwon lafiya. Yana hada da:

• gaggawa.
• outpatient, polyclinic.
• inpatient kula a m rashin lafiya da kuma exacerbation na kullum cututtuka, raunin da ya faru, pathologies na ciki, da zubar da ciki; shirya asibiti domin yi musu magani.

ware:

• maganin HIV, da tarin fuka da sauran cututtuka harkar gagarumin.
• gaggawa magani daga likita.
• fifiko ga miyagun ƙwayoyi da wadata .
• m siffofin taimako daga bude-zuciya tiyata da kuma kawo karshen jiyyar cutar sankara da kuma neonatal farfado.

biya sabis

A kiwon lafiya inshora tsarin a Rasha an gina a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa ko da a karkashin jihar shirin for wasu ayyuka da mutum zai biya a kan tabo. Wadannan ayyuka sun hada da:

• Binciken a kan shirin na 'yan kasa.
• Anonymous bincike da kuma m matakan.
• Hanyoyin da za'ayi a gida.
• Vaccinations ga 'yan ƙasa marmari.
• Spa magani.
• Cosmetic sabis.
• Hakoran roba.
• Skills horo na reno.
• Ƙarin ayyuka.

MHI siyasa

Wannan daftarin aiki iya amfani ga duk Rasha jama'a, ciki har da wadanda ba mazauna wanda ake dan lokaci zaune a karkarar kasar. A lokaci na siyasa daidai da lokacin tsaya a cikin kasar. Jama'a na Rasha da manufofin da aka bayar sau daya a rayuwa.

Rijistar daftarin aiki kamata magance tare da m ko SMO. A wannan yanayin, da inshora mutum na da hakkin ya zabi kamfanin kanta, wadda za a yi aiki. Broken 'yan ƙasa sami siyasa a kantuna na bautar yankin.

canji data

Musamman kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha ne irin wannan cewa, bayan da canji na zama ko fasfo data na haihuwa da manufofin da za a mika su ga UK, da kuma bayan rajista a cikin sabon yanki don samun wani sabon daya. Idan ka canza wuri na aikin daftarin aiki dole ne a koma ga m. A kasuwa zamar masa dole a cikin kwanaki 10 zuwa sanar da SC.

A hali na asarar da manufofin da wajibi ne a sanar da insurer maza maza. Ma'aikata na kamfanin zai kawar da daftarin aiki data daga MLA database da kuma fara da hanya na rajista da sabuwar manufar. A daidai wannan lokaci za a caje a wani kudi na 0.1 sau da albashi ga bayar da form.

Da son rai da inshorar kiwon lafiya a Rasha (LCA)

Wannan sabis damar jama'a su sami ƙarin ayyuka a kan da sama da MLA. A batutuwa na shirin zai iya zama:

• mutane;
• kungiyoyi da cewa wakiltar bukatun da 'yan kasa, ko likita cibiyoyin;
• sha'anin.

A mutum na iya samun m, hadaddun (a cikin filin na Dentistry, roba tiyata, ophthalmology, da sauransu. N.) Daga high quality-sabis, auku ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da sauransu. D. Lafiya inshora a Rasha a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin ke kula da kwangila. A cewar wannan takarda, kamfanin da aka zamar masa dole ya biya domin ayyuka bayar da 'yan kasa, wanda suke kunshe a cikin dacewa jerin, ba kowane inshora a wani lokaci na sabis siyasa tare da wani shirin da jerin cibiyoyin ta hanyar abin da taimako za a bayar.

A yarjejeniyar ma ya bayyana cewa, da inshora mutum zamar masa dole ya biya gudummuwa a wani lokaci, tsarin fitar da sharuddan da daftarin aiki, da yanayi domin ta tsawaita, da dokoki domin biyan diyya da tsalle dama ga biyan bashin bayan mutuwar inshora.

A cewar 'yan bayanai, a 2015 62% na Rasha ma'aikata ba su biya domin sabis LCA ta zuwa ga ma'aikata. Mafi yawan kamfanonin sun ki shiga cikin shirin saboda wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki. Masu daukan ma'aikata 'halin kaka, wanda sun ƙarasa da wata kwangila ga 08.01.2014 for 12 watanni, ya kasance canzawa. Akwai kawai 14% na 1,000 kamfanonin surveyed. Amma akwai ban. 2% na surveyed ma'aikata sun rage da halin kaka na VHI, optimizing ma'aikatan size. 'Yan gudanar da shawarwari a mafi m kwangila. Sashe na 'yan kasuwa rage adadin da halin kaka na cire hakori inshora. Wani 5% na weights halin kaka na kamfanonin karu da kashi 5% saboda da ƙara kudin na kiwon lafiya.

Health Insurance Matsaloli a Rasha

A wannan mataki na ci gaba, akwai matsaloli a aiki na tsarin:

1. Budget cuts. A halin yanzu kudi na 3.6% ba samar da magani daga likita ɗaukar hoto ko aiki yan ƙasa. Mai bukatar da tsofaffi, da guragu, da yara kulawa. Deductions ga m mutane canjawa wuri daga jihar kasafin kudin. A sakamakon haka ne raguwa a kudade, daga abin da mafi yawan shafa cikin motar asibiti.
2. Kudi na nonworking yawan faruwa a kudi na tarin fuka, shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya da kuma abu abuse sabis. Akwai hakikanin barazana ga rata tsakanin magani da kuma rigakafin.
3. Babu guda tsaro model.
4. Saboda rashin isassar bayanai game da kudaden shiga da kuma kashe kudi na kiwon lafiya inshora a Rasha.
5. Gaban bashi.

Wadannan su ne manyan matsaloli na kiwon lafiya inshora zama a Rasha a lokacin.

ƙarshe

Daya daga cikin siffofin zamantakewa kariya na yawan - kiwon lafiya inshora. A Rasha, ta siffofin karya a gaskiyar cewa sabis aka bayar a uku kwatance. OMC kudi ta jihar, amma a cikin tsarin wannan shirin, mutum yana karɓa, ba kowane irin ayyuka. Private magani ne ba samuwa ga kowa da kowa. Saboda haka, Russia bayar da aiki a karkashin wani son rai inshora shirin. Biya ƙarin fee, wani mutum zai iya zabar ya inshora kamfanin tsakiya, da girma na ayyuka, su iri, da kuma cibiyoyin inda zai sami kiwon lafiya.