Hagia Sophia masallaci a Istanbul

Turkey - al'ada daya daga cikin mafi ziyarci jihar ta yawon bude ido. Turkish Jamhuriyar - don haka ya kamata ya kira wannan kasar - ayi yafi a kudu-maso-gabashin Turai, da kuma jera a gabas ta tsakiya. Gabas, kamar yadda ka sani, "wani m al'amari", shi ya kullum janyo hankalin, a maimakon haka, nã kiran matafiya daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Overview

A mafi girma a birnin na Jamhuriyar Turkey - Istanbul, da tsohon birnin, da tsohon babban birnin kasar na Byzantine, Roman, Ottoman kuma Latin dauloli.

Istanbul: Hagia Sophia - a wani wuri mai daraja ziyara

The yawon bude ido da suka zo nan, sau da yawa tambaya taso, abin da yake ban sha'awa a ga. Hagia Sophia (St. Sophia) - shi ne wani tsoho Haikalin, mafi ban sha'awa ga ziyarci. Wannan abin tunawa daga zamanin d gine a tarihi tsakiyar birnin, a yankin da aka sani da Sultanahmet. A baya can, shi ne cibiyar da Konstantinoful, dake kusa da na mallaka Palace.

Masallaci Hagia Sofia - daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na birnin Istanbul (Turkey). Kamar yadda ka sani, kafin kasar ta aka located Byzantine Empire, shahara ga babban matakin da al'adunsu. Hagia Sophia aka fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "mai tsarki hikima". Farko shi ne Orthodox patriarchal Cathedral, sa'an nan ya yi aikin aiki na ginin masallaci (Muslim addini ginin), da kuma yanzu da wannan - a gidan kayan gargajiya, da matsayi na wanda haikali ya a farkon rabin na XX karni, mafi daidai, a 1935.

Ginin da Hagia Sophia shi ne mafi girma Kirista coci sama da shekaru dubu, har da gina St. Bitrus Basilica (Roma, Italy). A babban coci - 55,6 mita, da kuma diamita na Dome kai 31 mita.

A tarihin na babban coci da gine-gine

Hagia Sophia aka gina a 324 - 337 shekaru a babban kasuwar square Augustaion karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Constantine da farko (kamar yadda wasu kafofin - zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna Constantius na biyu). Da farko Haikali ya Arian ( "Arian" - daya daga cikin igiyoyin a cikin Kristanci iƙirarin halitta yanayi dan-Allah), sa'an nan aka canjawa wuri zuwa Kristanci Sarkin sarakuna Feodosiy farko. Amma ginin ya zauna tsawon lokaci. A lokacin da rare tawaye a 404, da babban coci da aka kashe a cikin wuta. Gina a cikin wurin wani sabon coci kuma ƙone (415 shekara).

By domin na Theodosius a cikin wannan wuri wani sabon Basilica da aka gina. Basilica - wani irin wata rectangular tsarin da wani m yawan naves (daban-daban Heights). Amma wannan babban coci da aka hallaka da wuta. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 532, amma kango na gine-gine da aka sani kawai, same lokacin tono a cikin XX karni a kan ƙasa na da babban coci.

Bayan haka, na uku wuta, a cikin umurnin na Sarkin sarakuna Justinian da aka dagagge zuwa babban coci, wanda a yanzu ake kira da sunan da Hagia Sophia.

Don gina mafi kyau gine-ginen da aka gayyata, da ciwon riga m kwarewa a cikin irin haikali gine-gine. Sun kasance Anfimov Trallsky da Isidor Meletsky. A cewar labari, da ra'ayin gine-ginen farin kowace rana fiye da dubu goma ma'aikata!

A babban birnin Konstantinoful da aka dauka ga mafi kyau kayan, marmara da kuma ginshikan da tsoho gine-gine (ginshikan Haikalin Sun, da ginshikan kore marmara - daga Afisa). Lalle ne, ginin ya zama arziki da kuma mafi girma a haikalin lokaci. Wannan tsarin da baya canza kama zuwa yanzu Hagia Sophia.

A tarihin na babban coci a Byzantine Empire

A cikin tarihi lokaci na Byzantine daula Hagia Sophia akai-akai sha wahala daga girgizar asa, saboda haka, kammala da kerata. A musamman, ta samu wani babban Dome. Don bunkasa da zaman lafiyar na bango da aka gina buttresses (jawabai daga wadannan ginshikan don ƙarfafa goyon bayan Tsarin), kuma wannan, ba shakka, canja ra'ayi na babban coci.

Daga cikin Hagia Sophia a tarihi labari da alaka da rabuwar Kirista majami'u a Katolika da kuma Orthodox, kamar yadda aka yi a wannan gini a Yuli 1054 Cardinal Humbert ya Michael Kurullariyu otluchitelnuyu wasika.

Har 1204 daya daga cikin wuraren bauta da haikalin ne sanannen Shroud na Turin, wanda a bisa al'ada aka nannade cikin jikin Yesu Almasihu bayan da azabtarwa da kuma mutuwa.

Tarihi bayan ci da Ottoman

Bayan da tarihi ci da Ottoman a 1453, Hagia Sophia ya canza addini. Ta tuba zuwa ga Musulunci, aka a haɗe a cikin sasanninta ta hudu minarets da kuma juya a cikin wani masallaci. Kamar yadda ka sani, da Muslim addini ne mai muhimmanci a cikin salla koma zuwa tsoho haikali na Makka. A Ottoman ya canza kome a ciki da babban coci, duk da frescoes aka rufe da farar ƙasa (kamar haka kiyaye su a cikin ƙarni), da kuma ikilisiya shirya a wani kwana tare da girmamawa ga rectangular ginin.

Bugu da ari, har cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara, babu aikin sake gina Cathedral of Hagia Sophia a Istanbul, ba ya jimre. A cikin XIX karni aka yanke shawarar mayar da gini a dangane da barazanar da auka. Ba da da ewa bayan da sabuntawa, a 1935, da masallaci da aka juya zuwa cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, ya bar kawai a kananan sarari ga Musulmi sujada.

The gine-gine da siffofin na masallatai

Zanen Cathedral ne murabba'i mai dari fassara hudu nave (tsakiyar - a kaikaice da more - kasa). An shugaba da wani domed Basilica da sredokrestiem, wanda shi ne mai quadrangle. Ginin da aka a fitacciyar ta lokaci Dome tsarin, da kuma ƙarfi daga cikin ganuwar, bisa ga labari, tsira godiya ga 'ya'ya da ganyen ash kara zuwa wani bayani. A hadadden tsari na sau uku arches da kuma ginshiƙai goyon bayan al'arshi daga kõwane kuma haka ya ƙarfafa shi.

jan hankali masallaci

Saboda haka, Hagia Sophia Masallaci a Istanbul - daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Ka yi la'akari da babban kaya daga wannan ban sha'awa gidan kayan gargajiya.

• Copper plated "a kuka shafi", a cikin imani da cewa ya cika da son zũciyõyin waɗanda suka sanya hannunsa a cikin rami kuma jin da danshi.

• «Cold taga" - wata mu'ujiza yanayi daga gare shi, ko da a cikin zafi da kuma sultry rana numfasawa sanyi iska.

• A zamanin d murals tare da images of Yesu Almasihu da kuma Budurwa, kiyaye karkashin lokacin farin ciki yadudduka da plaster, ne mai majestic gani.

• A cikin manya gallery cikin Haikali za a iya gani a kan shingen dogwaye na rubutu a bango. Da dama daga cikinsu sun yi yawa daruruwan shekaru da suka wuce da kuma kare ta jiha (don wannan dalili ya rufe tare da m roba). Wannan rubutu - Scandinavian runes - aka zargin scrawled a parapet na Cathedral daga cikin sojojin a tsakiyar zamanai.

• A mosaics na babban coci ne da ban sha'awa misali na alfarma da art na Rum.

• Hoton mutum na Sarkin sarakuna Alexander aka sanya a lokacin da yake rayuwa, janye bude a shekarar 1958 a cikin shakka daga maido aiki a kan tayal sutura.

A cikin babban coci akwai kuma Musulmi shrine, wanda janyo hankalin dubban mahajjata a kowace shekara. Daga cikin su akwai:

• Minbar (wurin da imam wa'azi).

• Lodge Sultan (gina a lokacin da sabuntawa Fossati yan'uwansa).

• Mihrab.

Kamar yadda idan saki daga wani Oriental hikaya, Turkish Mai Tsarki hikima hadawa da alama da sabanin Ganin cewa: Orthodox da kuma Oriental Islam, addinan biyu, don haka daban-daban, amma wani abu sosai kama da juna. Waje Haikali alama sauki conglomeration na gine-gine da siffofin daga lokuta daban-daban da kuma alƙawura, amma a ciki za ka yi mamakin da majestic Dome da da tsawo, da kuma yafi.

Shi ne kadai ginin da ya tsira daga cikin shida karni BC zuwa yau kusan canzawa, yanzu wajaba ya zama wani gidan kayan gargajiya, gaji ba wani addini da taƙawa to daban-daban ƙungiyõyi.

ƙarshe

Idan kun kasance m isa zuwa ziyarci Istanbul a kalla kamar wata kwana, tabbata a ziyarci Cathedral of Hagia Sophia. Turkey zai taka muku da sabon launuka godiya ga wannan haikali.