Geiger counter ko wasu inji for aunawa da matakin na radiation

Instruments, wanda aiki ne don auna radiation matakin a zamaninmu za a iya dangana kusan zuwa category na mabukaci Electronics. Ta yaya wannan dabara aiki da kuma dalilin da ya sa shi ya zama haka rare?

Yaya ta yi aiki?

A mafi yawan sanannun da kuma rare na'urar auna radioactivity - Geiger counter. Sunansa da haihuwa ya binta bashin Jamus likita Hans Geiger, wanda tsara wannan na'urar a 1908 tare da wasu sanannun masana kimiyya - Ernest Rutherford. 20 Bayan shekaru, Geiger ya kõma zuwa ga sabuwar dabara da kuma ladabi da shi tare da likita W. Muller. Duk da cewa wannan na'urar a kan shẽkara ɗari, an samu nasarar yi amfani da mu kwana. Mai iyali dosimeters ne irin wannan a cikin aiki da ka'ida ga shi.

Ta yaya wani Geiger kanta? Its babban kashi - wani shãfe haske gilashi ko karfe Silinda cika tare da cakuda inert gas - Neon da argon. A nan, a cikin Silinda, biyu wayoyin an sanya. Kamar yadda aka sani, da radiation kalaman farfagandar a cikin nau'i na barbashi. Lokacin da akalla daya daga irin barbashi da dama a cikin da mita, da gas cakuda ne ionized: gas atoms zama cikaken, inda suka iya haske a sama. Wannan tsari da kuma tsayayyen counter. Don yin rijista da ainihin adadin rediyoaktif barbashi, ionization tsari ne ta kasu artificially. Wannan na faruwa a cikin kasarun adadi na biyu ne. Bayan ganewa na rediyoaktif barbashi geiger counter samar da wani halayyar snapping sauti.

Radiation matakan auna a sauran hanyoyi. Tare da geiger counters ake yawan amfani da scintillator lu'ulu'u. A mataki na wadannan na'urorin dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa wasu abubuwa (msl, sodium iodide ko tutiya sulphide) hasken at ganewa na radiation. Number of filasha dangane da girma da radiation kashi da gyarawa da musamman naúrar - a photomultiplier.

Wani zabin - a sinadaran hanya domin ganewa na radioactivity. Yana amfani da sinadaran halayen da ke faruwa a wasu kayan a ƙarƙashin rinjayar radiation. Alal misali, a cikin wannan yanayin, chloroform decomposes da kuma siffofin HCI, wanda ya shiga wani launi dauki tare da fenti kara zuwa chloroform.

Ina radiation aka auna a rayuwar yau da kullum?

Ga abin da bukatar wannan kayan aiki ga mutãne waɗanda ba su da wani dangane da zaman lafiya zarra? Mafi sau da yawa, da dosimeter radioactivity aka yi amfani da su domin auna radiation matakai a abinci ko kayan gini. Har ila yau, a duba domin radioactivity iya kasa a kan abin da aka gina ko da aka shirya don gina wani gidan. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa na dogon lokaci, 'yan adam da ya ƙyãmar ya radiation gudãnar nukiliya binne filaye a cikin mafi m wurare - a kan seabed ko a wasu watsi da nawa. A chernobyl masifa ya sa mutane da yawa zuwa nemi radiation tare da daban-daban idanu. Kuma cikin 'yan hatsari a "Fukushima" sanya wani geiger counter kuma dosimeters sauran rare.

Yawanci, radiation zaune a yanki domin gida amfani ne kananan. Suna sanye take da nuni, inda za ka iya ganin matakin na radiation. Dosimeters iya zama ƙofofi kuma doorsteps. na farko da irin na'urar jawo lokacin da wucewa da canja matakin na radiation, wanda aka saitaccen da manufacturer. Idan audibly. Wadannan dosimeters ne mai rahusa da kuma sauki don amfani. Na'urorin na biyu da irin nuna wani musamman matakin da radiation, dokin matakin za a iya kafa a kan su da hannu. Irin wannan na'urar ne mafi m for professionals a lokacin da wani mutum ya san daidai abin da matakin na radiation a cikin wannan yanayin ne m.

Kamar yadda ka gani, gane radiation a rai yanayi ne quite yiwu. Amma gaban dosimeter a cikin gida bai sa ka wani kwararren. Saboda haka, a kan ganewa na kamuwa da abubuwa ko wuraren da za a taimaka da masana har yanzu suna.