Da narkewa zafin jiki na zinariya. narkewa da kuma tafasar zafin jiki na karfe

Shi ne da jiki Properties na karafa ga mafi part m da filin na aikace-aikace a cikin yan-adam a cikin art da kuma masana'antu. Daga cikin babban halaye na babba muhimmanci shi ne su narkewa zafin jiki. Ilimi da wannan siga ba ka damar nasarar hada daban-daban sinadaran da kuma haifar da dadi, m kuma high quality-gami, musamman dace don amfani a cikin gida.

narkewa da kuma tafasar zafin jiki na karfe

Ga kowane wakilin wani ba nuna alama. Duk da haka, da iyaka na dumama ne a duk karafa. A wani zazzabi, da suka fara ya narke, za daga wani m zuwa wani ruwa jihar. Idan adadi kawo m darajar, sa'an nan da karfe za su shiga cikin gaseous jihar, Ina nufin yana farawa tafasar da vaporization tsari.

Saboda haka, akwai wani dukan rarrabuwa nuna ikon narke karafa. Dukan su kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin.

1. Fusible. Wannan kungiyar hada da wadanda cewa narke a rates kasa ^{game da} 600 C. Misali: tutiya, sodium, gallium, bismuth, tin, cesium, da sauransu.

2. Medium meltability. Nuna alama a cikin 600-1600 ^C. Ga misali, zinariya narkewa batu a m tsari - 1063 ^C, Saboda haka, shi da dangantaka da wannan kungiyar da karafa.
3. Tsaurin. Fiye da 1600 ^C. Misalai: titanium, tungsten, chromium da sauransu.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan rarrabuwa yana aiki ne kawai ga m karafa. Idan ya zo ga gami, da lambobin canza cika fuska, da kuma dabi'u na iya bambanta daga baseline.

Tafasar batu karafa ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na gani siga. Saboda haka, idan da narkewa batu na zinariya - 1063 ^{° C,} tafasar batu - riga 2947 ° ^C. The bambanci ne kusan sau biyu!

Gold: wani janar Siffar

Aurum, ko zinariya - shi ne da wani sinadari mai lamba 79 a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur. Atomic nauyi ne 196,967 raka'a. Located in kungiyar na, sauyin kungiyar. Yana nufin da daraja karafa, a Bugu da kari zuwa:

• platinum.
• azurfa.
• palladium.

Daga mahangar reactivity ne kusan inert, babu yanayi na musamman in da dauki ba shiga. Yana yana da musamman jiki Properties cewa ba da damar ta yin amfani a cikin kayan ado, fasaha da kuma masana'antu.

Jiki Properties na zinariya

Mene ne haka na musamman a cikin wannan karfe, wanda ya ga mutane da yawa ƙarni ke bi mutane da kuma wanda ya zama wata alama ce da kudi da-kasancewa a cikin duniya?

1. Color. Domin zinariya tsantsa aka halin da kyau zurfin rawaya launi tare da furta ƙarfe Sheen. The ruwa karfe yana da wani kodadde koren launi. Ma'aurata ta rawaya-koren launi.
2. Taurin. Amfani da wannan siga Gold baya ga wasu mambobin domin shi ne mai taushi da karfe. A wani sikelin da taurin abubuwa (Mohs sikelin) aiki bangaren shi ne 2.5-3.
3. Da narkewa zafin jiki na zinariya - 1063 ^C.
4. A lantarki watsin ne mai kyau, 75% tare da girmamawa ga jan matsayin superconductor.
5. A thermal watsin da zafi iya aiki ne ma kyau kwarai. Articles na zinariya zafi sama take kuma da sauri ya kona.

A musamman Properties cewa ba mafi girma darajar zinariya, dauke dabam. Su ne:

• ductility.
• plasticity.
• yawa.

karfe yawa

Aras yawa halayyar nufin nauyin abu da naúrar girma. Saboda haka zinariya da kusan mafi girma adadi ga wani ba siga. Saboda haka, misali, rabin gilashin zinariya tsantsa yashi zai yi nauyi na game da 1000 grams.

Gold Yawa, tsarkake daga impurities ne 19,3 g / cm ^3. Idan muka magana game da na halitta kankara na zinariya, to, shi ne da ɗan ƙananan rate - 18-18,2 g / cm ^3. Wannan nuna alama damar dace don cire karafa daga kankara. Ya kuma sa zinariya haka tsada ga wani sosai kananan adadin grams.

Malleability da ductility

Da narkewa batu na zinariya, kazalika da matsananci malleability da ductility sa shi dace da docile a hannun samu mutane. Saboda haka, a kan ji da manufar "zinariya leaf". Mene ne wannan? Yana birgima a cikin mafi kyau Semi-m zanen gado na zinariya guda, wanda shi ba ya rasa ta mai haske da kuma kyau haske. Gold leaf surface za a iya rufi kayayyakin, ganuwar na Dome majami'u , da sauransu.

A total na 1 g wannan ban mamaki karfe za a iya sanya bakin ciki sosai waya, da tsawon wadda za ta kasance kusan 3000 mita! Gold ne mai saukin kamuwa zuwa deformations wadannan ba tare da asarar dukiyar da mutunci da tsarin:

• matsawa.
• durkushe.
• curvature.
• nika.
• birgima.
• mikewa.
• imparting wani ake so siffar.

Babu shakka, irin wannan wani sa na jiki Properties ba zai iya zama a gane shi da mutane da kuma, sabili da haka, zinariya da ake amfani a fannoni daban daban na ilimi, da fasaha da masana'antu.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin da mutum amfani

A asalin siffan zinariya faruwa a yanayi a cikin nau'i na ingots, yashi, ko inclusions a cikin kankara. Placer zinariya - a wurin su adam ganima. A wata cakuda da yashi, lãka da kuma sauran sassan an cire, sa'an nan kuma rabu a wani m form.

Har ila yau, da zinariya aka dauke a cikin:

• shuke-shuke.
• dabbobi.
• jikin mutum.
• ƙasa ruwa.
• tekuna da kuma tekuna.
• lithosphere.

Dukkan wadannan wurare, mutane koya cire karafa don amfani a da bukatun su. Don me kuke bukatar shi?

1. Babban reshe - shi ne, ba shakka, kayan ado. Beautiful ado sanya daga daban-daban gami da zinariya ne babban alama na kudi arziki na kusan kowace mace. An bã su zuwa da masõyansa, suka zuba jari, suna ganin darajarsa kuma mai daraja.
2. Appliances. Da narkewa zafin jiki na zinariya, kuma platinum, kuma palladium, nickel, da kuma wasu sauran karafa da ke sa su sosai m don amfani a fasaha aikace-aikace. A zinariya da dukiya da wani babban mataki na malleability, kuma plasticity, guda biyu tare da sinadaran inertness na waya damar yin amfani da wannan ƙarfe a cikin karami cikakken bayani, kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Misali, wayoyin, televisions, calculators da kuma wasu na'urorin lantarki.
3. Gold - wuya kudin duniya, wanda aka ba depreciated abada. Ya kasance ba ji tsoro daga hauhawar farashin kaya da kuma tsoho, don haka da yawa ci gaba da tanadi ne a ingots na karfe.
4. Awards for nasarori a daban-daban wasanni, gasa da kuma wasanni suna kashe a zinariya, da azurfa, da tagulla, wanda sake jaddada su high darajar.

zinariya gami

Wadannan halaye na karfe a cikin m siffar sa shi ba kawai na musamman da kuma rare, amma kuma shafar ingancin kayayyakin. Saboda haka, saboda da high softness na zinariya tsantsa kayan ado ne da sauki deform, kurma, kuma ganimar. Saboda haka, da karfe gami amfani da mafi sau da yawa tare da sauran 'yan lokaci-lokaci tsarin.

1. 585 zinariya. Wannan gami ne mafi sayar da ya fi na kowa a cikin kasar da kuma kasashen waje. Na abin da shi ne? 58,5% - zinariya tsantsa, 34% ne jan karfe, 7.5% - azurfa. Da narkewa batu na zinariya 585 - game da 840 ^{° C,} wanda shi ne muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da na tsarki samfurin. Duk da haka, a general gami da kaddarorin ne mafi alhẽri, kamar yadda impurities rama disadvantages sauki karfe. Copper da hidima ga bunkasa da ƙarfi, kuma taurin na samfur. Duk da haka, idan shi ne da yawa, sa'an nan da samfurin zai sha m lalata. Azurfa tasiri a kan launi. Godiya ga shi gami more rawaya, m kore inuwa ba tare da impurities. Gaskiyar cewa zinariya narkewa batu 585 ne don haka low idan aka kwatanta da wani net zaɓi, ya ce lamba tare da kayayyakin dole ne musamman m da kuma m, kuma ba su bar cikin kusanci da wani bude wuta.
2. Gold 999. Wannan gami - dangane da gaske m karfe da karamin rabo da tagulla. Saboda wannan, zinariya narkewa batu 999 ƙaruwa a kwatanta da na baya nuna alama. Shi ne 1063 ^{° C,} wato, wannan darajar a matsayin ga sauki abu. Products sanya wannan gami softer, iya nakasawa, saboda haka, bukatar da hankali handling da kuma kula na musamman.

zinariya 375

Da narkewa zafin jiki na zinariya 585 ne talakawan. Lalle ne, akwai wani gami, cikinsa da daraja karfe lissafinsu kawai 37.5% (375 samfurin). Irin wannan bambance-bambancen da wani narke index kullum kusa 770 ^{° C,} wanda yake shi ne mafi ƙarancin darajar.

Idan muka magana game da tushe gami daga zinariya da azurfa, wadannan zažužžukan ba amfani. A samfurin zai zama ma m. Saboda haka, jan ne ba shi ne zama dole. Da narkewa batu na azurfa da zinariya ne kamar guda, a kananan wãtsuwa. The farin karfe da shi ne 961,8 ° ^C. Saboda haka, su ne ba ma m gami lowers overall a cikin samfurin.

Abin da kayyade launi na kayan ado na zinariya?

Abin da launi da aka jefa ado a kan haske dogara a kan abin da irin ƙari a cakuda, kuma menene yawan su. Red tint zai yi wani samfurin a cikin abin da 50/50 zinariya-azurfa, da tagulla.

White - idan ka shiga wani cakuda palladium, nickel, da azurfa, kuma mafi. Green - azurfa, da tagulla, da ruwan hoda - azurfa, palladium da tagulla.