Cututtuka na dankalin turawa, da kuma da iko. Dankali: kwari da cututtuka

A dankalin turawa ke tsiro da kyau a kusan duk wani sauyin yanayi. Ya tolerates acidic ƙasa, amma da girbi an ƙwarai inganta bayan liming. A babban adadin danshi, da kuma haske ne, a gaskiya, kadai yanayi na dankalin turawa girma. Ko a karkashin manufa yanayi, da al'adu ne a hatsarin kamuwa da cuta da fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin. Ga muka dubi mafi manyan matsalolin da duniya mafita da za su taimake mu jimre ba kawai tare da gabatar da misalai, amma kuma hana da yawa wasu irin cututtuka. Duk da cewa da fitarwa daga dankalin turawa, iri resistant zuwa marigayi varna, nematode, ko scab, cuta da kuma kwari har yanzu ci gaba da halaka shũka. Amma ga kowane maƙiyi akwai makami.

Cututtuka na dankalin turawa, da kuma da iko

A manyan yawan daban-daban makiyan dankalin turawa muhimmanci rage matakin girbi. Wadannan sun hada da ba wai kawai fungi da kwari, amma kuma ƙwayoyin cuta infecting da tubers da kuma buds da kuma hana al'ada girma. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne muhimmanci a ciyar mai yawa m matakan da dasa da kuma a lokacin da ya girma, don ci gaba da dankali. Cututtuka da kuma kwari sa babban lalacewa, don haka shi ne mafi kyau da su zuba jari kudi da kuma kawar da kanka daga cikin kwarewa fiye da rasa rabin amfanin gona.

A amfani da poisons da kuma sunadarai rage sinadirai masu inganci na dankali, shi zai iya zama cutarwa da kuma kawo hadari ba kawai ga m kwari, dabbobi da tsuntsaye, amma kuma ga mutane. Cututtuka na dankalin turawa, da kuma da iko bukatar kulawa ta musamman kafin dasa. Bari mu bincika a cikin daki-daki, duk da nau'in a wannan abu. Domin a more cikakken assimilation na bayanai a cikin labarin akwai wani photo na dankalin turawa, cututtuka da kuma kwari da suke parasitic a kan tubers.

wireworms

Wireworms - wani irin ƙwaro larvae, wireworms. Yana da wani kananan m kwaro 12-15 mm. Sunan da ya samu, saboda ya sa a danna sauti, juya baya a kan paws. Daya mace kayansa mãsu tsakanin 50 da 200 qwai a cikin bazara, kuma daga wanda ya bayyana a cikin haske zloschastnyj wireworms. Larvae iya halaka dukan amfanin gona, don haka na farko na dukkan shi wajibi ne don kare shi daga kwari da kansu.

Da yaki da wireworm

Akwai hanyoyi uku da suke da amfani domin magance wannan m:

1. Tsarkake dankalin turawa, strung a kan wani itace da kuma binne shi a cikin ƙasa, shi ne kamar 7 santimita. Yana da kyau a yi da dama daga wadannan dankali, ya rufe da wani babban yanki. The larvae na click beetles tara a kan shi, kuma bayan kwanaki hudu za su riga ya zama digging shi. Halakar da kwari za a yin amfani da tafasar ruwa ko wuta.
2. Lokacin da dasa dankali a cikin ƙasa zuba sunflower man fetur tare da finely asa harsashi na qwai. Irin wannan bayani zai kashe wireworms kafin ya samun da dankali. Wannan hanya za ta samar ba kawai daga wireworm, da yawa wasu rami kwari aka kashe a cikin irin wannan bayani, msl, mole wasan kurket.
3. Makonni biyu kafin dasa tona a cikin ƙasa masara kernels - game 2-3 sheƙarsu da murabba'in mita. Wireworms janyo hankalin ba kawai dankali, larvae farin ciki da tara a kusa da hatsi. Lokacin da masara sprout, za ka iya tono sama, fashi larvae da kuma ƙone su ko zuba tafasasshen ruwa.

Late burtuntuna

Late burtuntuna (Phytophthora) - shi ne ba wai kawai wata hanyar da asarar tumatir amfanin gona, amma kuma mafi kowa cututtuka na dankalin turawa, da kuma da iko da muhimmanci ga duk manoma, tare da la'akari da amfanin gona. Dankali marigayi burtuntuna ne musamman tareda žata, tun makwanni biyu za su iya harba duk filin. Asarar da kai 70% na amfanin gona. Late burtuntuna shimfidawa ta hanyar fungal spores, wanda ya yale shi ya motsa da sauri karkashin kasa da kuma harba tubers.

A farkon zamanin bayyanar marigayi burtuntuna bayyana a cikin duhun ganye. Har ila yau, a kan kasa gefen takarda bayyana fari shafi. Wannan germinating spores na naman gwari. Kuma sunã fãɗuwa, infecting wani dankalin turawa, tushen da 'ya'yan itãce. A kadan daga baya a kan tubers bayyana launin ruwan kasa aibobi.

Da yaki da marigayi burtuntuna

Hadari naman gwari bukatar babbar hadaddun matakan. Saboda haka, dole ne ka:

• Amfani da dankalin turawa, iri resistant zuwa marigayi burtuntuna.
• Zabi lafiya tubers for dasa.
• Rike tubers fungicidal jamiái.
• Lokacin da na farko SPUD zama dole.
• Kara da kashi na phosphorus-potassium taki.
• Aiwatar da takin dauke da jan karfe, ko spraying da wani bayani na jan karfe sulfate.
• Cire fi kafin girbi.

nematode

"Nematode" cuta ba cutar da ba kwayoyin cuta da kuma microscopic tsutsa, wani m on dankalin turawa. Duba kasancewa kwaro da sauƙi, idan shrubs ƙeƙashe, kuma su kananan ganye da sababbu ko kodadde launi, da nematode ne. Bushes ne mai rauni, kuma kananan asalinsu. A watan Yuli, wadannan tushen zai zama kananan bukukuwa (tare da rabin millimeter) tare da kananan spikes. Wannan nematode mãtã, idan suka ci gaba da bunkasa, zai juya cikin cysts, wanda aka adana a cikin ƙasa na tsawon shekaru 15. A mafitsara ne kamar 600 tsutsa qwai.

Sarrafa nematodes

Bayan bayyanar da nematodes bukatar jira a kalla 6 shekaru kafin shuka da shafin sake. Duk da haka, akwai wasu hanyoyi.

Dankali farkon ko m nematode sa kwalaye suya a daya Layer aka yafa masa crumbs kuma peat dasa 20 days. Bayan 50 days, da girbi an tattara, da kuma yankin da aka mamaye tsabtace daga fi. The site kanta An shuka wake ko masara. Wannan zai tsabtace cikin ƙasa daga tsutsa ta kamar 70%.

Idan shafin da shuka hatsin rai, an kuma rage yawan na m.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da dankalin turawa nematode janyo hankalin fiye da sauran shuke-shuke.

scab

Mafi na kowa bayan marigayi burtuntuna na dankalin turawa, cuta - scab. Yana tabarbarewa.Idan da quality, marketable tuber sitaci da lowers su da kusan 30%. The yawan amfanin ƙasa an rage kusan da rabi. A lokacin ajiya kamu tubers ne sosai saukin kamuwa rot.

A causative wakili na apple scab ne wani naman gwari - da naman gwari haskakawa. A dankali da shi ratsa ta lenticels kuma inji lalacewa, kafa a farfajiya na ulcers, wanda ci tare da kuma samar da wani toshe kwalaba nama. Tuber bayyana fari shafi - annuri mycelium na naman gwari. Lokacin da bushe, suka bace, da kuma nama ne kusan canzawa.

Akwai biyar iri raunuka:

• Flat. Ana rinjayar da fata na matasa tubers daga abin da fata ta taurare.
• Raga. Yana maida hankali ne akan wani iri-iri tubers raga GROOVES.
• Convex. Yana bayyana a cikin nau'i na depressions, wanda daga bisani aka rufe da siffofin maruran.
• Zurfi. Deep ulcers na daban-daban siffofi kewaye karya kwasfa. M lokacin da dankalin turawa girbi.
• Convex-zurfi. A hade da iri biyu lalacewa. Growths tare da zurfin ulcers da hawaye a cikin fata.

Scab pathogens aka adana a cikin ƙasa da shekaru da yawa. Su unaffected da m yanayin dalilai ana kiyaye shi ko da a cikin wani fari da kuma a zazzabi -30 ° C. Zafi da kuma bushe weather a lokacin flowering inganta kamuwa da cuta kawai.

A tushen kamuwa da cuta ne ko da yaushe gona. Tubers harba juna iya ba, don haka za su iya a adana da kuma tare.

Fada scab

Scab wuya a kalla kai tsaye, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a ajiye wani kamu dankali. Cututtuka da kuma kwari da sauran iri ko "ya yi gargadin" game da bayyanar, amma tare da duk mafi kyau don magance a gaba da taimakon da wadannan hanyoyin:

• Amfanin gona juyawa.
• Namo na yankin na kore taki amfanin gona.
• A amfani da lafiya da 'ya'yan itatuwa domin shuka.
• A amfani da acid takin.
• Hankali shiri.
• A amfani da resistant iri.
• Regular watering a lokacin da girma kakar.

Alternaria

Cutar ya yaɗu a ko'ina, inda dankali ake girma. Cutar da kuma magani Solanaceae shuke-shuke har yanzu mafi karatu a kudancin yankunan, kamar yadda a kudu da manufa yanayi na ci gaban da kuma yaduwar fungi, wanda aka canjawa wuri zuwa alternaria.

Dangane da lokacin da cutar iya bayyana kanta a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Kamuwa fara bayan ruwan sama, ko kuma wani nauyi dew. spores fada ta wurin fasa, inji lalacewa ko na halitta depressions. Acid fara ware daga wanda kara rot kuma mutu. A low yanayin zafi da ci gaban da dan kadan, amma a zafi weather hatsari cutar da shafi da amfanin gona. Shiryawa yana zuwa a mako.

A farko ãyõyi ne bayyane a kan kananan shuke-shuke har zuwa 20 cm. Daga baya a cikin ganyayyaki bayyana duhu launin ruwan kasa aibobi. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau domin ci gaba da za a iya gani a rana ta uku. A kadan daga baya, akwai wani da hayaki-m conidia. Lalace sassa na tsire-tsire ne m da kuma taushi.

Tubers bayyana embossed duhu spots rot, wani lokacin ma wrinkles. Daga qarshe, da tubers fara rot gaba daya zasyhaya da blackening.

Da yaki da Alternaria

A kudancin yankunan da dankalin turawa cututtuka da kuma su kula da bukatar kulawa ta musamman. Akwai hanyoyi uku don kare amfanin gona:

1. Agronomy. Yi amfani kawai da lafiya dasa kayan, resistant zuwa cuta, amfanin gona juyawa, sai ku kiyaye, kar ka manta da cewa farkon iri dankali ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa kamuwa da cuta. Seed dole ji dimi na farko da makonni biyu a yanayin zafi har zuwa 20 ° C. A lokacin ajiya, tabbatar da cewa abin da ya ba da kamuwa da tubers. Alternaria za a iya daukar kwayar cutar daga daya 'ya'yan zuwa wani. Cire fi a dace hanya, shi ne mafi alhẽri ciyar desiccation amfani da musamman kayan aikin.
2. Biology. Feshi da tubers kafin dasa kwayoyi "na game", "Bactofit" ko "Planriz".
3. Chemical. Shirye-shirye "Mun Ridomil Gold", "EDC" da "Bravo" zai taimaka ku dukkan data kasance fungi, depriving da su daga wani dadi yanayi. Zaka kuma iya fesa da dankali da wani bayani da fungicide "Maxim" kafin saukowa.

Cututtuka na dankalin turawa, da kuma da iko, kazalika da sauran kwari, ko da yaushe bukatar kulawa ta musamman. A girbi dogara kan yadda da dukan bukatun da ake sadu. Wannan labarin ba a banza nuna da kuma hoto dankalin turawa, cututtuka, saboda abokan gaba dole ne ya san a mutum.