Carl von Clausewitz: da facts daga biography, aiki, quotes

Mafi shahara aikin wani mai Prussian janar mai suna Carl von Clausewitz da aka sani ga kowane ilimi mutum - a rubutun "A War." Duk da cewa da kalamai na Clausewitz ne ubiquitous, 'yan kaxan mutane za su iya karanta wannan 700-shafi aikin, birkice ra'ayin wani soja adawa.

manhaja vitae

Carl von Clausewitz ya daga mai daraja iyali na nobility. Ya fara soja a 1792. Bayan shekaru biyar, ya zama wani digiri na biyu na Berlin Soja Academy. Clausewitz sa'an nan gayyace ga post na adjutant, don haka sai ya fara bauta wa a kotu na Prince Agusta na Prussia. Sun soja da aka hannu a tsaurin Prussia da kuma Faransa, wanda ya zo da 1806-1807 shekaru. Lokacin da Prussia aka ci, Carl von Clausewitz dauki wani aiki sashi a ci gaba da canje-canjen da suka shafi sojojin. A wannan lokaci shi ma ya fara koyar a makaranta da kuma rubutu ta farko da bincike takarda - "Basic Principles of War."

Ba da da ewa, Turai fara gane da inevitability na rikici tsakanin Rasha da Faransa. Clausewitz yanke shawarar zo Rasha da kuma fara aiki a Rasha sojojin, inda ya yi yaƙi a ko'ina cikin yaki a karkashin jagorancin Janar P. P. Palena. Clausewitz halarci yakin Borodino.

Fara na msar tambayar nazarin

An fara da 1818 soja sharhi yi aiki a matsayin darektan na soja makaranta a Berlin. A lokaci guda, ya ne sosai msar tambayar nazarin soja al'amura. Fiye da 130 yaƙe-yaƙe da rikice-rikice - shi ke jimlar adadin kayan da aka koya yayin da Carl von Clausewitz.

"A War" - mafi m aiki na shugaban, amma ban da wannan aikin, ya rubuta wani yawan karatu. A cikin seminal aiki, Clausewitz nazari Concepts kamar manufar da yaki, da abun ciki, hanyoyin da nasara da shan kashi. Clausewitz ne na farko bincike, wanda kusantar da hankali ga halin kirki factor a yaki.

Yana da aka Carl von Clausewitz gabatar da irin wannan abu a matsayin "soja aiki". Wannan lokaci da aka fahimta da msar tambayar sarkar na fadace-fadace da kuma fitowa kwansu da kwarkwatansu ƙungiyoyi don ganin wani dalili. Clausewitz ya iya tabbatar da cewa a lokacin yaki da makawa yaƙi - wani m karo tsakanin abokan gaba biyu sojojin. A iri-iri na dabaru, shugabannin sojojinka da dabara motsa iya kawai marginally shafi batutuwan sakamakon yakin, wanda aka kyakkyawan ƙaddara da ma'auni na sojojin.

"A War" - da babban aiki mai girma General

Clausewitz ta babban aikin da aka buga bayan mutuwarsa (kyaftin mutu daga cutar kwalara). A rubutun "A War", da aka buga a 1832, shi ne wani bai cika binciken. A lokacin da rayuwar da general ya canza wasu ra'ayoyi, amma musanyãwa ga aikin da ba su da lokaci.

An sani cewa shugaba sharhi, rinjayi ganewarsu na da yawa kwamandojin sojan kasar a nuna na XIX - XX ƙarni - shi ne Carl von Clausewitz. Books cewa da ya rubuta a cikin Bugu da kari wa babban aiki - shi ne "Principles of War", "The Italian yaƙin neman zaɓe na Napoleon Bonaparte," "The Jamus soja tunani." Aiki a kan wannan babbar nazari - "A War" - Clausewitz ci gaba cikin ransa.

A cikin ayyukansu, da kwamandan sojojin sha'awar kagaggun arangama karshe karni daya da rabi. Wannan ya ya iya nuna kasawar da ake kira hukuma wars da ya faru a cikin XVII - XVIII ƙarni. Wadannan fama, ya ya iya rama walƙiya nasarar da Napoleon. Makomarsu burin da aka ba attrition na abokan gaba, kuma ya sauri contrition. Manufar aikinsa "A War" Clausewitz ga watsuwar asirin fi sauri Napoleon ta cin nasarar yaki.

Clausewitz ta hali zuwa Rasha

A lokacin ziyararsa a Rasha Empire, Clausewitz bai iya ko dai don son Rasha mutane, ba su koyi da Rasha harshen - sabanin da takwararta Empress Catherine II. Duk da wannan, ya msar tambayar nazarin a Rasha Empire na dogon lokaci taka yawa rawa fiye da a ƙasarsa ta Jamus. Hoton wannan janar aka yi amfani da Leo Tolstoy ta shahara labari "yaki da zaman lafiya". Amma akwai wadanda sojoji, ga wanda Clausewitz ne kawai kunkuntar shiryayye Jamus, daga abin da suka kasance wuya a saya sabon ilmi.

Carl von Clausewitz: quotes, kana bukatar ba kawai don yaki

Mutane da yawa masu bincike yi imani da cewa da ra'ayoyi na Clausewitz ne m ba kawai a cikin soja harkokin amma kuma a cikin irin wannan wurare a matsayin marketing, iri yaki, da siyasa adawa. "Dalilin da yaki ne don zaman lafiya da aka cimma a kan sharuddan waxanda suke da m ga lashe" - shi ne daya daga cikin babban arziki da Clausewitz, wanda za a iya amfani da a wasu yankunan, a Bugu da kari to soja al'amura.

Clausewitz emphatically ƙaryata rare a lokacin zaton cewa bayyana soja marubuci Genrih Zhomini, soja harkokin an rage wa da msar tambayar postulates da dabarbari. "A bin abokan gaba, - rubuta Carl von Clausewitz - shi ne na biyu yi nasara, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da mafi wins" The babban kashi na samun nasara a wani karo da rikice Clausewitz dauke da wani halin kirki bangaren - .. A ƙarfi daga ruhu "Ba tare da ƙarfin hali, shugaba ne fitacce ne mai wuya a ... "- ya lura a cikin rubuce-rubucen kwamandan.

Clausewitz kuma yi gargadin, "Mutanen da suka ba su tuna da baya an an maimaita shi." The yaki, ya yi imani kwamandan soja, shi ne ba kawai a karo tsakanin biyu sabani sojojin - a kanta shi ne mai ci gaba da manufofin.

Bayan aikin "A War" ya zama wani dan littafi domin sa'an nan-sani soja sharhi Helmut von Moltke, Clausewitz zama mafi shahara marubucin a Turai. Mutane da yawa shahararren soja shugabannin aka shiryar da ayyukansa.