Borovitskaya Tower na Moscow Kremlin: tarihin. Yadda za a je zuwa hasumiya?

Daya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na Moscow, da kuma Rasha gaba daya - shine babbar Kremlin da kuma filin da ke kusa da ita. An cika shi tare da babban bango na dutse, yana da nau'i ashirin da aka gina tare da kewaye. Kowace suna riƙe da tarihinta, asirinta.

Kremlin da ɗakunanta

Tun daga kusurwar kudu maso gabas da kuma motsawa zuwa gaba, za ku ga bambancin da kuma darajar wannan tsari.

Na farko a kan hanya shine Beklemishevskaya Tower, daga bisani aka kira Moskvoretskaya Tower. Kashi na gaba - Konstantin-Yelenin, wanda ake kira Timofeevskaya don girmama ƙofofin nan kusa. Kuma idan kun shiga cikin gine-gine goma sha ɗaya, wannan ra'ayi ya buɗe Borovitskaya tower.

Abin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa an gina dukkan gine-gine a lokuta daban-daban karkashin jagorancin gine-gine na waje. A lokaci guda suna da siffofi da halayyar Rasha. Abinda ke da mahimmanci a cikin irinsa kuma bai dace ba a cikin haɗin gwiwa shine Gidan Nikolskaya. An gina shi daga bisani kuma an samu siffofin Gothic gine-gine. Kowane gine-gine na kusurwa yana da siffar zane-zane, sauran, wanda ya kasance tare da kewaye da bangon, yana da tsaka-tsaki.

Tarihi

A yau, ana iya gane cewa ƙauyuka na farko a kan yankin Kremlin na Moscow sun kasance har ma a cikin Girman Girma. Kuma kawai a cikin 1156 an gina gine-ginen farko don ƙarfafa ƙasa da kare kariya daga hare-haren abokan gaba. Ganuwar suna kewaye da ganuwar.

Quite hadaddun da m sau samu wannan gine-gine da tsarin. Kuma yanzu ya zo lokacin da Moscow ta sami matsayi na babban birnin dukkanin manyan hukumomi da biranen Rasha. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani jawabi game da rashin daidaito na tsohon Kremlin tare da halin yau. Lokaci mai girma ya fara.

Aristotle Fioravanti, Pietro Solari, Marco Ruffo, New Aleviz, Bon Fryazin - duk wadannan gine-ginen da aka gayyace daga Italiya, domin numfashi sabon rayuwa a cikin gine-gine. Duk da haka, yana da daraja cewa, yin aiki tare da mashawartan Rasha, sun karbi halin da halayen Soviet. An dauki yanayin cikin gida. Ta haka ne kamannin Kremlin, Borovitskaya, Beklemishevskaya da dukan sauran hasumiya suka bayyana.

Borovitskaya Tower: daga baya zuwa yanzu

Kamar yadda aka rubuta ta tsohon tarihin, tun farkon shekara ta 61 na karni na 14, a shafin yanar gizon zamani na zamani akwai sunan daya. Kwanan nan Borovitskaya na Moscow Kremlin ya bayyana bayan shekaru talatin, a ƙarshen karni na 14. Marubucin shine masanin harkokin waje, wanda ake kira Peter Fryazin. Ya zo daga Italiya zuwa Rasha a gayyatar da tsar.

A cikin karni na 16 da na 17, hasumiya ta kasance wani sashi ne zuwa Zhitny da Stables Courtsards, baza'a iya samun su ta hanyar babban kofa ba.

A tsakiyar tsakiyar karni na sha shida Borovitskaya Tower ya sami sabon suna - Predtechenskaya, saboda girmama coci, wadda ke cikin Kremlin. Duk da haka, duk da duk kokarin, ba'a amfani da take ba.

Da zarar an sami gunkin John the Precursor sama da Borovitsky Gates. Amma a farkon ƙarni na goma sha tara, lokacin da aka gina layin metro da aka gudanar, an lalatar da Ikkilisiya ta coci. Alamar ta ɓace, kuma a tsohuwar wuri ya bayyana agogo.

Gine-gine

Da farko Borovitskaya tower ya yawa ƙananan kuma kunshi daya fadi da gini na rectangular siffar. A samansa akwai rufin da aka yi a cikin alfarwa, itace na itace.

Duk da haka, bayan shekara ta 1666, fiye da shekarun da suka wuce, sai ya fara samun sabon labarun. Na farko, akwai abubuwa uku masu girma, wanda ya karu da sauri, yana ba da wani nau'i nau'i nau'in tsarin. Abu na biyu, an yi ado da saman tare da tsalle mai tsayi da rufin dutse, yana neman zuwa sama.

Ba da daɗewa ba a gefen hasumiya ya fito da wani shinge da kuma ƙofa mai ƙarfi. An haye wani gada a ko'ina cikin kogin, wanda za'a iya tashe shi.

Ƙarnin karni na sha takwas kawo tare da shi a matsayin kwanciyar rai, kuma quite nauyi. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan gyarawa, lokacin da hasumiya ta sami cikakkun bayanai na dutse, babban birnin kasar ya kai hari kan sojojin Napoleon. Yawancin tarihi na tarihi sun lalata, sa'a, hasumiya ta sha wahala kaɗan. Tana fashewar ta tace alfarwa.

Bayan haka, an kafa ginin don shekaru uku. Lokaci ne lokacin agogo ya bayyana a sama da ƙofar.

A tsakiyar karni na goma sha takwas, hasumiya ta juya zuwa coci. A can ne suke ɗaukar kayan aiki masu amfani da kursiyin. An cire cikakkun bayanai game da kwayoyi, amma sun sake bayyana a ƙarshen karni na 19. Kuma a sama da ƙananan sa siffar Moscow daura. Kamar yadda kake gani, tarihin Borovitskaya ya cika da abubuwan da suka faru. Ginin, hallaka, sabuntawa, canza manufofi da kuma yanayin amfani - duk wannan ya shafi gine-gine da kuma samar da hoton da za a iya gani a yau.

An yi gyara na karshe na hasumiya a cikin shekaru tara da suka gabata.

Zane na ciki

Idan ka dubi cikin ciki, zaka iya ganin wannan dutsen Borovitskaya na Moscow Kremlin a kan ƙananan ma'auni (ƙananan siffar rectangular) ya kasu kashi uku. Daga nan za ku iya zuwa cikin ginshiki, wanda aka yaudare yau. A wani ɓangare na tsararraki, abubuwa da suka ƙawata Ikilisiya sun kasance ana kiyaye su.

Hanyar matakan haɗaka yana kaiwa baƙi zuwa bene na biyu, wanda yake da windows rectangular. Ƙarshe biyu na karshe sun haɗa cikin ɗaki daya, octagon da alfarwa da aka sanya akan shi suna da nau'i na musamman.

Gates

Duk da haka, ba kawai Borovitskaya Tower ba ne mai kyau. Yadda za a samu zuwa gare shi, za ka ga kasa. Kuma, buga wurin da ke daidai, za ka iya ganin cewa akwai tsawo kusa da shi. Wannan ita ce ƙofa da kuma gudummawa. Wannan karshen yana haɗuwa da hasumiya a ƙasa sosai, wannan sashi ya kai ga ginshiki. Idan ka dubi tsari daga sama, zaka iya ganin cewa yana da nau'i mai nau'i.

Dubi sama da ƙofar, ana gano ramuka biyu kunkuntar. Da zarar suna aiki ne a matsayin manyan sarƙoƙi, wanda, idan ya cancanta, ya tashe gada. Kuma idan, ta hanyar ƙofar, duba sama, ka ga kullun da ke ɓoye nauyin baƙin ƙarfe. Masana tarihi sun ce wadannan ƙofofi sun bayyana a farkon da aka kwatanta da sauran a Kremlin. Bugu da ƙari, suna riƙe da hotunan tsofaffi na kayan ado, wanda asalinsa bai riga ya kafa ba.

Bridge

Yau yana da wuya su yi tunanin baya nau'i na halitta abin da kewaye Kremlin katangu. Neglinnaya River, yanzu hau a cikin bututu, located tare da bangon yamma. Wadannan wurare ne da sauransu. A tsaye a babbar hasumiya tarin gadar ya juya ya tashi. A 16th karni can aka gina da dutse gada.

Don ƙarfafawa da kare kullun, mun yanke shawarar kawo shi kusa da hasumiya. An gudanar da aikin dacewa. A matsayin mafaka, shi ne babban bayani. Duk da haka, akwai wasu tambayoyi: yadda tashar Borovitsky ta Kremlin ta kasance mai sauki, ta yaya za ta isa wurin da ta dace ta hanyar ruwa mai zurfi ga sojojin sarki? An samo wannan maganin a matsayin wani gada mai dakatarwa.

A yau, babu wata alama da ta bar wannan tsari, saboda asarar makiyayarta, an rushe shi.

Tafiya Tafiya

Gidan Borovitskaya na Moscow Kremlin yana da ban sha'awa da kuma hotunan. Yaya za a iya zuwa ta hanyar jirgin karkashin kasa? Duk abu mai sauki ne. Major wuri da zai iya zama Borovitskaya Square da kuma Alexander Aljanna. Wadannan wurare suna kusa kusa da hasumiya.

Don fita daga gonar, zaka iya amfani da tashoshin tashoshi huɗu:

• "Arbatskaja" (Pokrovskaya Arbatsko- blue reshe № 3);

• "Alexander Garden" (Filevskaya blue reshe na lamba 4);

• "Lenin Library" (ja reshe na lamba 1);

• "Borovitskaya" (madaukiyar reshe mai lamba 9).

Saboda haka, samun damar shiga wannan alamar ban mamaki yana buɗewa daga ko'ina a Moscow.