Biography Shalamov Varlam Tikhonovich, kerawa

Makoman mutum ne qaddara, an dauke da mutane da yawa daga halinsa. Biography Shalamova - nauyi da kuma musamman mai ban tausayi - wani sakamako na kirki imani da kuma yarda dasu, da samuwar wanda ya riga ya faru a shekarun girma.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Varlam Shalamov aka haife shi a Vologda a 1907. Mahaifinsa wani firist, da mutum bayyana m views. Zai yiwu halin da ake ciki da cewa ya wajaba a nan gaba marubuci kuma iyaye ganewarsu ya ba na farko impetus ga ci gaban wannan m hali. A Vologda rayu kõre fursunoni tare da wanda Varlam uba ko da yaushe kokarin kula da dangantaka da kuma samar da cikakken goyon baya.

Biography Shalamova partially nuna a littafinsa "The Fourth Vologda". Tuni a farkon shekara zuwa marubucin wannan aikin ya fara daukar siffar kishin gaskiya da so don yin yaki domin shi a kowane farashi. Shalamov ya wani manufa hanyar Narodnaya Volya a wadannan shekaru. Hadaya da exploits wahayi zuwa wani saurayi, da kuma watakila duka qaddara rabo. M iyawa bayyana kanta a gare shi, daga wani wuri, tun shekaru. Da farko, ya kyauta da aka bayyana a cikin wani rinj ƙishirwa ga karatu. Ya karanta chin. A nan gaba kafa na adabi jerin game da Soviet sansanonin sha'awar daban-daban litattafan: daga kasada litattafan Aleksandra Dyuma da kuma kawo karshen tare da falsafa ra'ayoyin Immanuel Kant.

a Moscow

Biography Shalamova hada da banrazana events cewa ya faru a lokacin farkon lokaci na tsaya a cikin babban birnin kasar. A Moscow, ya mayar da su cikin shekaru goma sha bakwai. Tanner farko ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar. Bayan shekaru biyu, sai ya shiga University a cikin Faculty of Law. Literary ayyuka da kuma fikihu - shugabanci alama m. Amma Shalamov wani mutum daga aiki. A ji cewa shekaru tafi da a banza, riga shan azaba da shi a cikin matasa. A matsayin dalibi, ya halarci wallafe-wallafen muhawara, rallies, zanga-zangar da kuma shayari karatu.

A farko kama

Biography Shalamov - shi ne gaba ɗaya a cikin kurkuku. A farko kama ya faru a shekara ta 1929. Domin shekaru uku a kurkuku, ya aka yanke masa hukumcin Shalamov. Makala, articles da yawa m labarbaru aka halitta da marubuci a wuya lokacin da suka biyo dawo da Arewa Urals. Don tsira ga dama shekaru a cikin sansanonin ya, watakila, ba da ƙarfin tofin cewa duk wadannan abubuwan da suka faru ne a gwajin.

Dangi da farko kama a autobiographical litattafan marubuci da zarar ya bayyana cewa, wannan taron ya zamo farkon real rayuwar zamantakewa. Daga baya, ciwon baya da shi da m kwarewa, Shalamov canja ra'ayoyinsu. Ya ba su yi ĩmãni ba har ma sai da wahala tsarkake mutum. Maimakon haka, yana kaiwa zuwa cin hanci da rashawa na rai. Camp ya kira da makaranta, wanda yana da kawai wani mummunan sakamako a kan kowa daga farko zuwa rana ta ƙarshe.

Amma da shekaru cewa Varlam Shalamov ciyar a kan Vishera, bai iya taimaka amma nuni a cikin aikinsa. Shekaru hudu daga baya, ya aka sake kama. Shekaru biyar na Kolyma sansanonin sun zama m jumla Shalamova a 1937.

Kolyma

Daya kama bi wani. A 1943 Shalamov Varlam Tihonovich aka ɗauke shi zuwa gadi kawai ga abin da ya kira marubuci Ivan Bunin emigre Rasha classic. Wannan lokaci Shalamov tsira godiya ga kurkuku likita, wanda shi ne a naka kasadar da kuma aika shi zuwa ga ma'aikatan jinya darussa. A Duskanya key Shalamov farko ya fara da rubuta masa waqe. Bayan da aka sako, ya kasance har yanzu shekaru biyu ba bar Kolyma.

Kawai bayan Stalin ta mutuwa Varlam T. ya iya komawa zuwa Moscow. Ga ya gana da Boris Pasternak. Shalamova sirri rai bai yi aiki ba. Domin tsayi da yawa an yanke daga iyali. 'Yarsa girma ba tare da shi.

Daga Moscow, ya ya iya motsawa zuwa ga Kalinin yanki kuma amfani da matsayin master a kan peateries. All free daga drudgery na lokaci kishin rubutu Varlamov Shalamov. "Kolyma Tatsũniyõyi", wanda aka halitta a cikin wadannan shekaru, da factory foreman da kuma sayen wakili, sanya shi a classic na Rasha da kuma anti-Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Stories kunshe a cikin al'adu na duniya, ya zama wani abin tunawa ga m wadanda na Stalinist danniya.

halittar

A London, Paris da kuma New York Shalamova labaru da aka buga kafin a Tarayyar Soviet. A mãkirci na ƙwarai daga cikin jerin "Kolyma Tatsũniyõyi" - mai raɗaɗi image na kurkuku rayuwa. The ban tausayi rabo daga cikin haruffa masu kama da juna. Suka zama daga cikin fursunonin Soviet gulag da nufin m taron. Fursunoni m da kuma maras nauyi kamarsa ba da yunwa. Su ƙaddara dogara, kamar yadda mai mulkin, daga zaluncin shugabanni da kuma barayi.

The "eulogy" marubucin ya tuna min da sunayen su matattu gwarazansa. Ya gaya na mutuwa na kowane daga cikin fatan da bukatun wadanda aka kashe a cikin Soviet sansanin. Kawai 'yan gudanar da tsira da ci gaba da kansu abi'a.

fi

A shekarar 1956, Shalamov Varlam Tihonovich aka gyara. Amma ayyukansa har yanzu bai samu shiga print. Soviet sukar yi imani da cewa aikin wannan marubuci ne ba "aiki babbar sha'awa", amma akwai kawai "m humanism." Wannan nazari ne mai wuya a karanta Shalamov Varlamov. "Kolyma Tatsũniyõyi" - wani aiki halitta a kudin jini, kuma mawallafin - tabbatar da mara amfani ga jama'a. Kawai kerawa da kuma abuta kiyaye a cikin shi da ruhu da kuma bege.

Shayari kuma litattafan da Shalamov gan Soviet masu karatu kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, duk da rauni, gurgunta da kiwon lafiya sansanonin, ya ci gaba da rubuta.

bazawa

Domin da farko lokacin aiki daga tarin na Kolyma bayyana a mahaifarsa a shekarar 1987. Kuma wannan lokaci, da amincinsa da kuma harsh kalmomi da zama masu karatu. A amince ci gaba da barin wani abu wulakantacce taro kaburbura a Kolyma ya gagara. Cewa ko da muryoyin da matattu shaida, kuma aka ji murya da ƙarfi, wannan marubuci ya tabbatar. Books Shalamov: "Tatsũniyõyi Kolyma", "Hagu Bank", "almara na laifi duniya," da sauran - mai nuni da cewa babu abin da aka manta.

Ya san kuma zargi

Ayyukan wannan marubucin ake integrally kafa. Nan da hadin kai da rai, da kuma al'adar mutanen, kuma marubucin tunani. A almara na Kolyma - wani reshe na wata babbar itace guda kananan kõguna sunã gudãna. A storyline da labarin gudana smoothly zuwa wani. Kuma a cikin wadannan ayyuka ba almarar. Sũ ba su zama ba gaskiya ba.

Abin baƙin ciki, don kimanta aikin gida zargi Shalamov iya kawai bayan mutuwarsa. LURA a wallafe-wallafen da'irori zo a cikin shekarar 1987. Kuma a shekarar 1982, bayan wani dogon rashin lafiya, ya rasu Shalamov. Amma ko da bayan yaki ya zauna m marubuci. Aikinsa bai dace a cikin Soviet akida, amma shi ya kasance dan hanya zuwa ga sabon lokaci. The abu ne cewa, a cikin ayyukansu na Shalamov ya ba bude zargi da gwamnati, daga wanda ya sha wahala. Zai yiwu "Kolyma Tatsũniyõyi" ma akida abun ciki ne musamman a cewa su mawallafin za a iya sa a kan wani par tare da wasu alkaluma na Rasha da kuma Soviet wallafe-wallafe.