Barcelona: Sagrada Familia. Barcelona: jan hankali, photo. Gothic coci a Barcelona

A gaske musamman birni ne Barcelona. Tarik, wanda aka yi wa ado da hotuna na shafukan da mujallu a kan tafiya, nã kiran su ziyarci ƙasar Catalonia. Kuma kowane mutum wanda ya jũya nufin rabo a cikin wannan wuri, akwai wani rinj so don ƙarin koyo game da tarihi. Kuma ya kamata a lura, da arziki! Kafa da Romawa, Barcelona (Spain, Catalonia) da kuma a yanzu rike tracks dukkan yanayi dazamani na ci gaba.

addini gine-gine

A bayyanar da birni bar wani kafu daram bugu na mutane da yawa ƙarni na Kirista al'adu. Barcelona yana da wani iri-iri na jan hankali, amma mafi girma sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa ne da tsohon majami'u da kuma haikalin, located in sassa daban daban na cikin birni. A Gothic Quarter ne mafi muhimmanci daga cikin ra'ayi na addini rayuwa, da Haikalin da yake a Barcelona - Cathedral, wanda hallmark tsaye waje kiwo kusa da ƙofar garken geese, NUNA tsarki na St. Eulalia, ya zama majiɓinci saint na coci. Unique ciki janyo hankalin hankalin masu yawon bude ido da Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar, gina a cikin heyday na seafaring. Daga wani batu na cikin birni ne a bayyane, wani wurin hutawa coci - gina a kan saman Dutsen Tibidabo Haikalin alfarma Zuciya. Barcelona, godiya ga data Tsarin, a kowace shekara janyo hankalin dubban masoya na gine-gine, amma most yawan yawon bude ido daga ko'ina a duniya, ya tara nan don ganin babban taska daga cikin birni - Church of Mai Tsarki Family, wanda shiri ya fara a cikin marigayi 19th karni da kuma ci gaba da wannan rana. Miliyoyin mutane a tsawon shekaru ziyartar Barcelona don a ji dadin yarda da juna, style of Antoni Gaudi.

Sagrada Familia

Expiatory Haikalin Sagrada Familia, ko Haikalin Sagrada Familia, wanda shi ne ma wani lokacin kuskure ake magana a kai a matsayin babban coci, ko da yake a gaskiya shi ne a coci - al'adu alama ba kawai a Spain amma kuma a fadin duniya. Recognizable silhouette na gine-gine a yawon bude ido ne babu kasa sha'awa fiye da dala na Cheops. Wannan aiki na gwaninta ne kunshe a cikin UNESCO Duniya Heritage jerin, duk da cewa da ginin ba a gama ba tukuna. Kowace shekara, Spain (Catalonia, Barcelona) na'am da fiye da mutane miliyan uku, da suke so su ji dadin ganin an Haikali. The m Sagrada Familia a bango na gari da gaske ya dubi ban sha'awa. A cikin tarihi na ginin bayyana a kasa.

A yi na Sagrada Familia

A ra'ayin na samar da coci samo asali a 1874 quite kwatsam, saboda babban adadin kudi da gudummawa. Tuni a 1881 a ƙasar da aka saya don gina 'yan kilomita daga Barcelona. Eh, asali a Haikalin da aka gina a waje da birnin, shi daga baya Barcelona ya yi girma don haka da cewa Sagrada Familia yanzu located a cikin mafi populated birane yankin. A watan Maris 1882 a karkashin jagorancin m F. del Villar fara kafa harsashin ginin ginin. Duk da haka, duk da manyan yawan pans da kuma samuwar kudi domin gina, a karshen 1882 su shiga a cikin shiri na m ƙi, saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin shi da abokin ciniki. Zai yiwu yanzu shi zai ba da Barcelona jan hankali na wannan girma, idan, bayan da kau da aikin a kan aikin del Villar ba a haɗa zuwa hali cike da shauki da kuma makamashi da m Antoni Gaudi. Bisa ga ra'ayin, da coci ya samu wani sosai m, kama da gizo-gizo ta yanar gizo, a cikin Art Nouveau style. Da aka zaci cewa ginin za a warwatse da yawa hasumiya, sunã gaggãwa up, da kuma sauran ciki da waje ado zai gani da mutum abubuwa da bishara, wato, da haihuwa, da gicciye, da tashin Almasihu, ko wasu ayyukan hajji na cocin Katolika. Gaudi, da coci ya zama kamar yashi castle, kamar irin waɗanda cewa suna son zaune a kan tudu da tafki, don gina yara. Yana nufi da cewa tsakiyar spire na wani coci a cikin nau'i na giciye, zai yi tsawo na 170 mita, daya mita kasa da tsawo na Montjuic (duwãtsu a birnin Barcelona) - a Haikali ya ba su wuce cikakken halittar Allah.

Gaudi ta grandiose shirin

Barcelona ta tarihi gudanar da harkokin mulki a layi daya tare da yadda za a gina da Sagrada Familia, shi ne kawai facade aka gina fiye da shekara arba'in. A wannan lokaci, birnin ya girma, ya rika ya shiga da masana'antu zamanin da ya fara girma cikin sauri. A kayan ado na kowane hasumiya Antonio Gaudi biya kusa da hankali. A ganin su farantai, ya yi aiki da aniya da kuma ba tare da rayar da kansa, da kuma da yawa ba su fahimci abin da m ne jawabin da kudi masu yawa, lokacin da} o} arin gina, saboda duniya da aka ba ko da na fi hasumiya ne bayyane. Gaudi ya ce: "Idan ba ka gani mutane, za ka ga mala'iku."

Barcelona girma. Haikali ya girma tare da shi. Yi nufin gina uku facades: Passion, Kirsimeti da kuma ɗaukaka Almasihu. The m san cewa irin wannan gajeren lokaci, rayuwar mutum ba zai zama isa ya yi gaskiya na grand ra'ayin. Ya yi hukunci wanda ya gina na farko na uku gine-gine da abubuwa. Kuma ya sanya wani zabi a cikin ni'imar da Nativity facade, saboda wasu daga cikin al'amuran da giciyen Kristi sun iya tsorata mutane, da kuma ra'ayinsu ya da muhimmanci sosai, saboda yi aka za'ayi kawai a kan gudummawa. A lokacin 1909-1910 biennium. Haikalin da aka gina a cikin Ikklesiya makaranta, sa'an nan kuma a kan ra'ayin Gaudi. Da farko aka gina shi a matsayin wucin gadi ginin, don haka babu kaya-qazanta ganuwar da ciki partitions za a iya sauƙi cire, ta haka zaka iya canja shimfišar da sarari. Har zuwa yanzu, da rashin alheri, da wani cikakken hoto na makaranta bai tsira.

m mutuwar

Nuwamba 30, 1925 gina Nativity facade aka kammala, Gaudi aka je fara gina sauran sassa na ginin. A tsawon shekaru, da m ya samu wani musamman janye Barcelona - da coci da aka yi wa ado da sculptures na cocin Katolika da kuma alamomi, matani na ibadar da Bishara. All kunna ta kai da rashin lafiya-fated rana, 7 ga Yuni, 1926. 73-shekara Antonio Gaudi buga da tram a lokacin da ya tafi zuwa ga coci sabis. The m aka sosai talauci ado, ya aka dauka domin wani m, kuma ba su ma damu da ya kai shi zuwa asibiti. Yuni 10, 1926, kadan kafin shekaru 74 ranar tunawa, Gaudi ya mutu. Barcelona ya rasa wani mutum mai girma! Yawon shakatawa da hannunsa, a yanzu m ga miliyoyin mutane, ba tare da su shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin birnin. Kuma shi ba ne kawai da Sagrada Familia, ko da yake, ba shakka, shi ne mai babbar aiki na m. Ga aka binne shi - binne shi a Gaudi har yanzu ba a kare ba Sagrada Familia ginin.

Ci gaba da aikin na Antonio

Construction na coci bayan mutuwar master ba tsaya, shi ci gaba talented almajiri daga cikin m - Sugranes Domenech, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Gaudi tun 1902. Riga ta 1930-Mu da aka gina da facade da sauran biyu, da suka, kamar na farko, da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane, matani na Littãfi da sculptures. Duk da haka, kara bi ta wuya sau. Rashin abubuwan taimako, da looming yaki da kuma yakin basasa ya haifar da gina haikalin da aka kusan tsaya, har 1952. Sa'an nan ginin yi koma, amma, duk da cewa da dama da suka gabata, aikin da ake yi ta ci gaba, har sai da karshe kammala shirin Antonio Gaudi har yanzu sosai nisa. Wajibi ne a kammala gina hudu 120-kafa hasumiyar sadaukar da Bishara Mark, da Yahaya, da Matiyu, da kuma Luka. A cikin 170-mita hasumiyar Almasihu, bisa ga m ta ra'ayin, dole ne ka shigar da gicciye, da kuma sauran hudu - da 'ya'yan inabi a matsayin wata alama tarayya. Idan akwai wani unforeseen hali ba za taso, da kuma yi za a za'ayi bisa ga shirin, ta 2026, ta wanzu kafin karni na karshe, mafi girma yi ne a karshe kammala. A karshen babban ginin jiran ba kawai Barcelona. Taimaka wa gina Haikalin mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya, da kyauta ne da za'ayi kamar yadda Kiristoci da kuma mabiya sauran addinai. Alal misali, kwanan nan akwai ya kasance wani gagarumin ambaliya na kudi daga Japan.

Church of alfarma Zuciya

Barcelona yana da wani gaske musamman jan hankali. Masu daukan hoto daga ko'ina cikin duniya zo nan don kama wannan duka biyu tsoho da kuma na zamani birni da fice gine. Amma shi ba zai iya yin cikakken gabatar da Catalan babban birnin kasar, idan ba up to Tibidabo Mountain, kuma daga kallo bene ba a ji dadin mai ban mamaki views daga cikin birnin. A nan ne gina haikalin alfarma Zuciya, da kuma sama da shi tsaye da adadi na Almasihu, hannunwansa da yalwa da dukan duniya.

Tarihi da kuma ado na coci

Fassara daga Latin sunan dutsen Tibidabo sauti kamar "ka ba." Idan ka yi imani da labari, daga saman dutsen da Yesu ya jarabce ta da shaidan, da nuna duk duniya kyakkyawa. Expiatory coci na Zuciya Almasihu ne a saman Tibidabo, don haka a bayyane daga duk wani kusurwa na Barcelona. The coci da aka tsara da kuma fara gina a 1902 da m Enrik Sane. A yi na cikin Haikali, a 1961, gama da ɗansa, Josep.

Haikalin alfarma Zuciya aka yi wa ado a cikin Romanesque da Gothic styles. A ado yana da dukkan wadannan sifofi na gine-gine da yayi - da kuma elongated triangular portico facade kuma ya tashi sama da ƙofar, da kuma wani irin windows da arches. Lower crypt kunshi biyar naves da apses ellipsoidal, su kuma zama a matsayin wani dandali da benen, inda biyu ne m matakai. Real ado na ciki ado na coci tsaye a multicolored mosaic - wani haraji ga hadisai na ma'adanin na Byzantine lokaci. A gumaka na Haikalin gano labarin Lines daga cikin 'yan tarihi na Spain, sun kasance duk mutane suna wakilta a zamani tufafi. Gothic abubuwa - kunkuntar taga, staring a cikin sama turrets, nuna arches, sassaka bakin ciki datsa - ba da coci weightlessness da kuma ladabi, amma sculptures haifar da yanayi na majestic solemnity. Facade tsarin da aka yi wa ado da ayyukan hannuwanku na Catalan master Eusebi Arnau - mutummutumai tsarkaka James da kuma George, kazalika da Uwar Allah, da kuma na sama na coci da aka wakilta qagaggun na wani kere sculptor Josep Miret. Jamhuriyar coci steeple shugaba da zinariya mutum-mutumi na Almasihu kama da duniya shahara abin tunawa ga karbar tuba a Rio de Janeiro. A tushe na sassaka ne mafi girma a Barcelona kallo bene tare da gaske ra'ayi na m tekun da kuma wanke ta m taguwar ruwa na Catalan babban birnin kasar.

Cathedral (Catedral de Barcelona)

Map na jan hankali dole hada da Barcelona Cathedral, wanda shi ne na biyu sunan - Barcelona Cathedral. A wannan shahararren haikalin da mahajjata shiryar da ƙafãfunsu a duk faɗin duniya, domin wannan shi ne inda kaya daga Mai Tsarki shahidi Eulalia na Barcelona, ya mutu yana da shekaru 13 a shekara ta 304 bayan Almasihu. A 4th karni, a lokacin da Eulalia zauna a ƙasar da Catalonia rinjaye kafirci, amma yarinya da aka girmama ta wurin bangaskiya cikin Yesu, wanda ya sa aka kone su. Na shahidi baki kafin mutuwa kurciya tashi, kuma a lokaci guda, da executioners fadi kamar snow. Sai da na ɗauki dama ƙarni, kuma Eulalia ranked a matsayin saint da christened da Patroness na Barcelona, a ta girmamawa a tsakiyar Gothic Quarter aka gina babban coci da birnin.

Catedral de Barcelona (hoto da aka nuna a kasa) mai cike da yawa na tarihi sauran kaya da kuma addini dabi'u. Its ƙasa ta a halin yanzu form fara kai daga 1268, lokacin da ɗakin sujada da aka gina. Tun da farko da rabi na 15th karni ne - undeniable ado na birnin. Gina Haikali dade na 122 da shekaru, ginin da aka gina a kan kai tsaye kango na wani Roman Basilica. Wasu abubuwa, misali, da spire da aka yi da yawa daga baya. Yau zo a Barcelona yawon bude ido za su iya godiya da yawa daga cikin gine-gine da kuma fayyace na kisa da kowane daki-daki. A cewar dab da babban coci tsakar gida yawon fari geese - wata alama ce tsarki Eulalia. A cikin ginin ana sa Kirista wuraren bauta: ragowar Mai Tsarki, Allaha a cikin wani sarcophagus, da kuma siffar Yesu tare da wani jirgin halarci yakin Lepanto. Barcelona Cathedral ne wani abin tunawa daga art da kuma tarihi na kasa da muhimmancin. Tsarki Eulalia da kuma girmama ta Katolika da kuma Orthodox, don haka Haikali ne na ƙwarai ga wakilan biyu addinai. Bugu da kari, da Catedral de Barcelona da hidima a matsayin wurin zama na Bishop na Barcelona.

Church of Mai Tsarki Virgin Sea

Na biyu mafi muhimmanci addini ginin bayan da babban coci a babban birnin na Catalonia gane da Basilica na Santa Maria del Mar. An located a cikin tarihi tashar jiragen ruwa yankin, da Ribera kwata, inda cinikayya heyday na matuƙan, 'yan kasuwa da shugabannin suka zauna. A cikin girmamawa a kan wani Maze na kunkuntar tituna da kuma na da coci da aka gina. Kafuwar halittar m Berenguer de Montaguta aka kafa a 1329, da kuma a 1383-m yi aka kammala. A baya can, a lokacin da saboda halitta laka teku bai ja da baya don haka yanzu Basilica tsaya a ruwa ta baki. A cikin tympanum na da ake kira portico rarrabe Deesis - adadi na Almasihu a zaune a kan kursiyin sarauta da, a tarnaƙi daga abin da suke a kan cinyan Mary da Yahaya. The wuta, wanda ya faru a 1936, ya hallaka mutane da yawa sculptures, da kuma, ban da wadannan Figures, tsira kawai wani mutum-mutumi na Bulus da Bitrus. Very ban sha'awa siffa images cewa ado da baka duwatsu. Na farko shi ne wani mutum-mutumi Maryama (Madonna) sama da babban bagaden, wanda aka sanya a ƙafa na sassaka jirgin ruwa mai filafili ne da kamã da jũna sanya hannu m na Basilica. Don dama daga cikin coci a kananan square da aka gina a tunawa a cikin nau'i na wani amphitheater. A ganuwar sassaka e kanka ga Catalans, wanda aka kashe a lokacin wani yaki tare da sojojin Philip V a 1714.

Orthodox coci a Barcelona

Tun 2002, a cikin babban birnin kasar na Catalonia, mukaddashin Rasha Orthodox Church. Da farko, da sabis da ya faru a cikin ɗakin sujada na Santa Maria Reina, da kuma a kan wasu kwanaki - a cikin sufi na Montserrat da Barcelona Cathedral. Duk da haka, da gabatarwa kasaftawa ga Ikklesiya, bai isa ga wani girma yawan parishioners, cewa tada tambaya na gano guda ginin da ofishin sarari, wanda za a iya kafa da kuma kiyaye iconostasis coci kayayyakinsa. Domin wadannan dalilai, haya yin amfani da Rasha Orthodox Church a shekarar 2011, da aka bai wa watsi da haikali na St. George, gina a neo-romantic style a tsakiyar karni na ashirin da. Yanzu ne coci da Gaske Shelar - Orthodox coci a Barcelona, wanda zai iya isa kowane mumini, da nufin rabo ya kan ƙasa Catalonia.