APG: abun da ke ciki. Halitta da kuma hade gas

Man fetur da kuma iskar gas - mafi muhimmanci raw kayan a duniya. A wuri na musamman a cikin masana'antar mai da gas bautarka Associated gas. Tun da farko wannan hanya ba a yi amfani da. Amma yanzu da hali to wannan muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa ya canza.

Mene ne wani hade gas

Wannan hydrocarbon gas wanda aka saki daga rijiyoyin da tafki man fetur da kuma lokacin da rabuwa. Yana da wani cakuda vaporized hydrocarbon da kuma wadanda ba hydrocarbon aka gyara na halitta asali.

Its yawa a man iya bambanta daga daya zuwa dubu da dama cubic mita a cikin wannan ton.

By samun ƙayyadaddu hade gas yana dauke da wani byproduct samar da man fetur. Saboda haka sunan. Saboda rashin da ake bukata domin gas taro, sufuri da kuma aiki na da babban adadin wannan halitta hanya da aka rasa. A saboda wannan dalili, mafi yawan hade gas kawai flared.

gas abun da ke ciki

Hade gas da aka hada da methane da mutum hydrocarbons - .. Ethane, butane, propane, da dai sauransu A gas abun da ke ciki a cikin daban-daban oilfields iya bambanta dan kadan. A wasu yankuna a cikin hade gas iya ƙunsar ba hydrocarbon aka gyara - nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen.

Wucewa a gas wanda gushes bayan bude man kududdufai, halin m nauyi hydrocarbon gas. More "m" a kan abun da ke ciki na iskar gas ne a cikin man da kanta. Saboda haka, a cikin matakin farko na ci gaba da filayen man fetur, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da yawa hade gas da aka samar da wani babban abun ciki na methane. A cikin aiki na adibas, wadannan Figures aka hankali rage, da kuma nauyi aka gyara sa up wani babban ɓangare na gas.

Halitta da kuma hade man fetur da gas: Mene ne bambanci

Hade gas idan aka kwatanta da na halitta ƙunshi kasa methane, amma yana da babban adadin ta homologues, ciki har da pentane da hexane. Wani muhimmin bambanci - da hade da tsarin da aka gyara a fannoni daban daban a cikin abin da hade gas da aka samar. APG abun da ke ciki na iya ma bambanta domin daban-daban lokaci na wannan filin. Don kwatanta, a gwada yawa hade da aka gyara na iskar gas ne ko da yaushe akai. Saboda haka, APG za a iya amfani da daban-daban dalilai, da kuma iskar gas da ake amfani da kawai a matsayin makamashi raw kayan.

samun APG

Hade gas da aka samu ta hanyar raba daga man fetur. A saboda wannan dalili, multistage cages tare da daban-daban matsa lamba. Saboda haka, a farko rabuwa mataki ne matsa daga 16 zuwa 30 mashaya. A duk m matakai na matsin lamba da aka hankali rage. A karshe mataki siga an rage wa 1.5-4 mashaya samar. Zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba aka ƙaddara da APG rabuwa da fasaha.

A gas da ake samarwa a mataki na farko da aka aiko kai tsaye ga gas aiki shuka. Great da wahala a lokacin da yin amfani da iskar gas tare da wani matsin lamba na kasa 5 mashaya. Tun da farko wannan ko da yaushe APG ƙone a flares, amma kwanan nan canza manufofin for gas yin amfani. Gwamnati ta fara ulla basin rage gurbatawa da muhalli. Saboda haka, a jihar matakin nuna alama APG konewa shi aka shigar a 2009 shekara, abin da ya kamata ba ƙetare 5% na jimlar hade gas.

Aikace-aikace na APG a cikin masana'antu

A baya can, APG da ba a amfani da nan da nan bayan yin kone su. Yanzu masana kimiyya ganewar darajar wannan halitta hanya da kuma neman hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata.

Hade gas wanda abun da ke ciki ne cakuda propane, butane da mutum hydrocarbons, shi ne mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da makamashi da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. APG yana calorific darajar. Saboda haka, a lokacin konewa shi saki daga 9 zuwa 15 dubu kcal / cubic mita. A asalin siffan ba a amfani da. Tabbata ga buƙatar tsaftacewa.

A sinadaran masana'antu dauke a cikin hade gas methane da ethane an sanya robobi da kuma roba. Mutum hydrocarbon aka gyara amfani da albarkatun kasa domin samar da high Octane man fetur ƙari, aromatic hydrocarbons da kuma man gas.

A Rasha, fiye da 80% na samar hade gas asusun for biyar kamfanonin samar da man fetur da kuma iskar gas: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Holding", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Kamar yadda na aikin data, kasar a shekara samar da fiye da biliyan 50 cubic mita hade gas, na da 26% da aka sake yin fa'ida, 47% da ake amfani da masana'antu dalilai, da kuma sauran 27% ne flared.

Akwai yanayi da cewa ba ko da yaushe kudin-tasiri amfani da hade man fetur da gas. A amfani da wannan hanya sau da yawa ya dogara da filin size. Saboda haka, gas da ake samarwa a kananan filayen, ya kamata a yi amfani da su samar da wutar lantarki ga masu amfani da gida. A kan talakawan adibas mafi tattalin arziki cire man gas a gas aiki shuka da kuma sayar da shi zuwa ga sinadaran masana'antu. A mafi wani zaɓi na manyan filayen ne samar da wutar lantarki a babban iko tare da m sale.

Damage daga APG konewa

Gas flaring ƙazantar da yanayi. Around da harshen wutar sakamako thermal ƙasƙanci, wanda ya sãme ƙasa a cikin radius na 10-25 mita da kuma ciyayi a cikin kewayon 50-150 mita. A konewa aiwatar fada cikin yanayi na nitrogen da carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, da kuma unburned hydrocarbons. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa, a sakamakon flaring fita kamar 0.5 ton miliyan a kowace shekara na carbon baki.

Har ila yau, da gas konewa kayayyakin ne mai hadarin gaske ga lafiyar dan adam. Bisa kididdigar da, a cikin babban matatar Rasha yankin - Tyumen yankin - wajen kisa ga mutane da yawa daban na cututtuka sama da talakawan ga dukan ƙasar. Sau da yawa sosai mutane a yankin sha daga numfashi pathologies. Akwai girma yawan ciwace-ciwacen daji, cuta na ji gabobin da kuma juyayi tsarin.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, APG konewa kayayyakin sa pathologies wanda bayyana kansu kawai bayan wani lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da wadannan:

• rashin haihuwa.
• ashara.
• hereditary cututtuka.
• raunana rigakafi.
• oncological cututtuka.

APG yin amfani da fasahar

Babban matsalar da juyin gas ne babban taro na nauyi hydrocarbons. A yau masana'antar mai da gas yana amfani da dama tasiri fasahar, wadda samar da wata damar inganta ingancin iskar gas ta kau da nauyi hydrocarbons:

1. Gas fractioning division.
2. Adsorption fasaha.
3. Low-zazzabi rabuwa.
4. Matattarar fasaha.

yin amfani da hade gas hanya

Akwai da dama hanyoyin, amma, a yi, amfani kawai 'yan. Ainihin Hanyar - dawo da APG ta rabuwa a cikin aka gyara. Wannan sake amfani aiwatar samar bushe gas, wanda da gaske ne wannan kamar yadda iskar gas da kuma iskar gas da taya (NGL). Wannan cakuda za a iya amfani da a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin petrochemistry.

Rabuwa da gas auku a low zazzabi saituna sha da kuma sandaro. Bayan kammala bushe gas da aka hawa da bututun, da kuma aka aika zuwa NGL matatun mai domin kara aiki.

Na biyu tasiri hanyar APG - keke tsari. Wannan hanya ya shafi alura gas a cikin tafki domin matsa lamba karuwa. Wannan bayani damar ƙara da girma na mai maida daga cikin samuwar.

Bugu da kari, da hade gas iya amfani da su janye da wutar lantarki. Wannan zai ba da damar da kamfanonin man fetur su muhimmanci ajiye kudi, kamar yadda kawar da bukatar sayan wutar lantarki daga waje.