Antidepressants - abin da yake da shi? Tranquilizers da antidepressants

Modern "frantic" taki na rayuwa, wani m rafi na bayanai cewa mutum yana bukatar ya rike a kullum, kazalika da yawa wasu, mafi yawansu ba su korau dalilai kai ga gaskiya cewa jiki da tunani ba zai iya tsaya. Rashin barci da kuma danniya, matsalar aiki na samfur da kuma sadarwa, ana watsi da, kuma sau da yawa Muka nutsar da fitar da kwayoyi ko wasu m abubuwa, ƙarshe kai ga irin wannan hadaddun cututtuka, kamar na kullum gajiya ciwo (CFS) da kuma daban-daban ciki. Bisa ga hasashen da manazarta na likita ciki zuwa 20 ga watan shekara na wannan karni a yawan lokuta fi shugabannin karni na ashirin da - cututtuka da kuma cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. A cikin gwagwarmayar da depressive cuta, daban-daban kwayoyi ta biyu dangane da halitta da kuma roba aka gyara. Antidepressants - abin da yake da shi? Abin da suka kasance da kuma ko wadannan kwayoyi da cewa in warkar da ciki ko kuma kawai sauƙaƙe ta bayyanar cututtuka? Mene ne amfani ko rashin amfani wannan kwayoyi? Wannan talifin zai yi kokarin amsa wadannan tambayoyi da wasu game da antidepressant sakamako na amfani da sakamakon da liyafar.

Mene ne wannan?

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, antidepressants (wanda kuma ake kira timoleptikov) - a psychotropic kwayoyi da cewa aiki da depressive bayyanar cututtuka. Godiya ga wadannan kwayoyi ya karu tashin hankali da kuma wuce kima wani tunanin danniya, listlessness da lethargy, rashin barci muhimmanci rage ko ma gaba daya bace. Yiwuwa ga wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi ne daban-daban biyu a sinadaran tsarin da abun da ke ciki, da kuma ginshikai na mataki.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Bari mu fuskanci shi, anti-depressants - cewa shi ne: halakar da jiki ko taimaka addabi mutum psyche. Bari mu dubi yadda wadannan kwayoyi aiki. The mutum kwakwalwa kunshi wani jam'i na neurons - jijiya Kwayoyin, kullum da yin bayanai musayar tsakanin su. Domin watsa irin wannan bayanin, na bukatar takamaiman Manzo abubuwa - neurotransmitters, iya shiga ta hanyar da tsaguwa a synaptic sarari tsakanin neurons. Modern bincike gane fiye da 30 daban-daban neurotransmitters, amma ya ci gaba da kuma shakka na ciki da "kai tsaye" ra'ayi kawai uku daga cikinsu: serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) da kuma dopamine. Kamar yadda bincike ya data, ciki na faruwa a lokacin da hulda da neurons a filin akwai wani gagarumin gwada yawa akan rage neurotransmitters. Effect na antidepressants ne da nufin kara yawan dacewa shiga tsakani da kuma daidaita da biochemical ma'auni na kwakwalwa.

A kadan tarihi

Kafin a ci gaba da shawara na zamani da kungiyoyin da iri antidepressants, a takaice bayyana tarihin su samu.

Har tsakiyar karni na ashirin, ciki da kuma daban-daban neurotic yanayi da irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka da aka bi da tare da daban-daban na ganye shirye-shirye. Don "saita cikin yanayi" amfani da dama m qagaggun, a da suka hada da maganin kafeyin, ginseng ko wakilan opiates. "Soothe" jitters kokarin bromine salts ko magunguna bisa valerian. Har ila yau, amfani da daban-daban na darussan da physiotherapy jiyya wanda tasiri ya kasance quite low.

A farkon 50-ies da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Promethazine" an halitta ta karni na ashirin, aka asali amfani ga maganin sa barci a lokacin tiyata. Pharmacologists yi kokarin bunkasa hana ruwa guda da kuma hana ruwa guda sakamako daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, tare da sakamakon cewa ta 1951 ya samu "Chlorpromazine", wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin likita yi, magani na ciki. Yau, da wannan magani ne da aka sani a matsayin "Chlorpromazine".

A marigayi 60-ies karni na karshe Swiss likita, lechivshimi marasa lafiya da tarin fuka, da aka alama ta wani m m gefen sakamako na wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin "Iproniazid". Marasa lafiya da samun da shi, ya daukaka yanayi. A hankali shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da tabin hankali yi kamar tarin fuka, ya taimaka sosai kadan. Kusan lokaci guda a Jamus bincike Ronald Kun gano miyagun ƙwayoyi "Imipramine".

Opening na farko timoleptikov kai ga m ci gaba da pharmacological bincike a cikin wannan yankin da kuma samar da sabon kwayoyi domin magance cututtuka da kuma Sanadin ciki.

zamani rarrabuwa

Dangane da abin da irin tasiri yana da amfani da antidepressants a ciki ne a cikin haƙuri, suka rarrabu kamar haka:

Bugu da kari, akwai wata rarrabuwa dangane da yadda sakamakon antidepressants shafar biochemical matakai a jikin mutum:

• Tricyclic antidepressants - tricyclic timoanaleptiki.
• MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase hanawa:

- komowar ( "tranylcypromine," "phenelzine");

- reversible ( "Pirazidol", "Moclobemide").

• SSRI - zabe serotonin reuptake hanawa.
• IOZSIN - serotonin reuptake hanawa da kuma noradrenaline.
• NaSSAs - noradrenergic da kuma takamaiman serotonergic antidepressants.

Har ila yau, akwai da dama daga antidepressant kwayoyi da cewa ba za a iya dangana ga wani daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi.

TCA: tricyclic antidepressants, abin da yake da shi?

Kwayoyi tricyclic kungiyoyin kamar "Nortriptyline", "Imipramine" da "Amiltriptilin" ta samo sunanta ne daga tamkar sau uku carbon zobe. Wadannan antidepressant kwayoyi taimaka kara adadin kwakwalwa neurotransmitters kamar norepinephrine (noradrenaline) da kuma serotonin (hormone na farin ciki). Wannan shi ne cimma ta rage matakin amfani da jijiya Kwayoyin - neurons.

Saboda gaskiya cewa a kan samu wadannan kwayoyi an katange ba kawai dole neurotransmitters, akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban gefen effects. Tricyclic antidepressants kungiyar iya haifar da wadannan illa:

• lethargy.
• drowsiness.
• tashin zuciya.
• bushe baki.
• rauni.
• dizziness.
• hanzari da zuciya rate - bugun jini.
• maƙarƙashiya.
• m iko da libido.
• tashin hankali ko tashin hankali.

Wadannan kwayoyi yawanci wajabta ta likita da fari, tun da sun kasance mafi karatu da kuma sakamakon da amfani an da aka sani.

MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase hanawa

Shiri "Iproniazid" bude daya daga cikin na farko, kazalika da sauran kwayoyi na wannan kungiya, kamar "isocarboxazid," "tranylcypromine" hana monoamine oxidase enzyme dauki, dauke a cikin jijiya endings. Saboda wannan, da neurotransmitters da suke da alhakin mu yanayi, kamar serotonin, noradrenaline da tyramine, ba su karye, kuma sannu a hankali accumulates a cikin kwakwalwa.

Da aka fi wajabta antidepressants, MAOIs for atypical ciki, ko lokacin da kwayoyi tricyclic kungiyar bai zo ba, kuma ba su da ake so sakamako. A amfani da wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi ne da cewa su ba su da wani saran tasiri, da kuma a kan m, ta shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai.

Kazalika da tricyclic kwayoyi, MAOIs da wani nan da nan tasiri a kan mutum - antidepressants tasiri zo 'yan makonni bayan da farkon na liyafar.

Saboda gaskiya cewa Mao hanawa da yawa illa (da kuma readily amsa tare da kwayoyi ga tari, kuma kowa sanyi, kuma zai iya tsokana rai barazana tadawa na jini) amma kuma saboda fairly m rage cin abinci a lokacin da gudanar da rubũta irin kwayoyi da wuya, a lokacin da sauran jiyya ba su taimake su.

zabe serotonin reuptake hanawa

Mun yi nazari a rukuni na TCAs da MAOIs - shi ne mafi yawa kwanan nan ya bude kuma da-karatu kwayoyi. Amma da "haihuwa" ƙarni na antidepressants aka hankali maye gurbinsu da more zamani da kwayoyi da kuma toshe mataki na neurotransmitters, ba duka ba, amma kawai wani guda - serotonin, hana ta baya madafun iko neurons. Wannan qara natsuwa, kuma yana da wata warkewa sakamako. Don hada da irin na zamani SSRI kwayoyi kamar "fluoxetine", "sertraline", "Zoloft", "Paroxetine" da sauransu. A wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi lura m illa, kuma ba su sosai shafi jikin mutum.

Serotonin reuptake hanawa da kuma noradrenaline

Wannan shi ne wani fairly sabon maganin, wanda nasa ne da na uku tsara antidepressants. Sun fara samar a cikin tsakiyar 90-ies na XX karni. Kwayoyi kamar "Cymbalta", "Effexor" block da reuptake na serotonin ne ba kawai, amma kuma noripinefrina, amma da kwayoyi kamar "Wellbutrin" da "Zyban" hana dawowar norepinephrine da dopamine.

Drug illa a cikin wannan kungiya shi ne da yawa karami fiye da sauran, kuma suna nuna wajen weakly. Bayan samun antidepressants, halitta a kan tushen da wannan hanawa a matsayin "duloxetine" da "Bupropion", a can zai iya zama wani karuwa a nauyi kuma kananan tabarbarewa a cikin jima'i Sphere.

Noradrenergic da kuma takamaiman serotonergic antidepressants - NaSSAs

Wani daga cikin zamani kungiyoyi ne NaSSA antidepressant kwayoyi da rage gudu ko dakatar da kama na noradrenaline synapses na jijiya Kwayoyin, game da shi kara ta maida hankali. Irin wannan kwayoyi a matsayin "Remeron" "Lerivon" "Serzon" gudanar da tarewa na serotonin rabe.

Magani a cikin wannan kungiya akwai m wannan m illa kamar drowsiness, bushe baki, ta ƙara ci da kuma hade nauyi riba. Soke antidepressants wannan kungiyar faruwa ba tare da wani manyan matsaloli.

Bayan da sasannin antidepressants sama, akwai da dama da kwayoyi da cewa ba za a iya dangana ga daya daga cikinsu. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a duka biyu da sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin ba da aikin. Wannan, misali, kwayoyi kamar "Bupropion", "Hypericin", "Tianeptine", "Nefazodone" kuma da yawa wasu.

madadin hanyoyin

Yau, kasashen waje masana suna ƙara amfani domin lura da ciki magunguna da shafi neurotransmitters kuma ba a kan neurotransmitters, amma a kan yanayin da endocrine tsarin, kamar adrenal gland, hypothalamus kuma pituitary gland shine yake. Wasu daga wadannan kwayoyi, kamar "Aminoglutethimide" da "ketoconazole" hana adrenal hormone cortisol kira, amma suna da yawa illa kuma da mamaya, tasirin a kan tsarin endocrine.

Na biyu kungiyar mafi yawa ana kira antalarmina tsoka mai amsa sigina antagonists hada da m halaye wanda da tranquilizers da antidepressants.

Bugu da kari ga pharmacological magani daga depressive jihohi, suna ƙara used dabaru irin intermittent normobaric hypoxia da plasmapheresis, haske far, kazalika da yawa wasu da cewa rage bayyanar cututtuka da kuma amelioration na bayyanar cututtuka.

Pro da con

Mafi yawa daga waɗanda suka riƙi antidepressants, yarda da cewa yana da matukar inganci da kwayoyi, musamman idan suna dauka a lokaci guda gudanar da wani gwani hanya na far. Ya kamata a tuna cewa wadannan kwayoyi da kuma su sashi iya sanya likita, a karkashin wanda iko da kuma da su kama su. Kada ka yi tsammanin an nan take kyautata. Matsayin mai mulkin, da ji na rashin bege kuma asarar amfani a rayuwa, kazalika da lethargy, apathy da kuma bakin ciki ta ratsa 3-4 makonni bayan da farkon na tsari gwamnati.

Daya daga cikin manyan disadvantages na wadannan kwayoyi ne antidepressant an daina ciwo, wanda bayyana kanta tare da wani kaifi da kuma uncontrolled ƙarshe na m.

Yaya za a nemi?

1. Idan ka kamu da cututtukan zuciya da koda da hanta da cutar ko tabbata gaya your likita.

2. Antidepressants aiki akayi daban-daban, don haka da gwani zai zaɓi wani magani da ya dace musamman domin ku.

3. A wasu lokuta, daya magani bai isa ba, ga likita iya rubũta lokaci daya liyafar mahara (tranquilizers da antidepressants, antipsychotics da wani anticonvulsant kwayoyi). Bisa ga ganewar asali da kuma sa idanu your somatic yanayin, wani gwani za ta zaɓa kwayoyi da za su iya ci gaba da juna da kuma ba za ta yi mummunan tasiri a kan jikin mutum.

4. Za ka iya daina shan antidepressant magunguna ba zato ba tsammani, kuma ba tare da shawara tare da wani gwani, kamar yadda wannan zai iya worsen cikin shakka daga ciki da kuma haifar da wani iri-iri m physiological dauki.

5. Mutane da yawa tambaya ko yana yiwuwa sha antidepressants da barasa tare. All umarnin da kwayoyi ya nuna cewa shi ne tantama unacceptable, domin shi zai iya sa tsanani lalacewar da juyayi tsarin, ko mutuwa.

janyewar ko jaraba bane?

A wannan yanayin, idan ka dauki antidepressants na dogon lokaci, sa'an nan kuma, domin duk abin da dalili, tsaya abruptly, zai iya sa rashin jin daɗi, kamar haushi m hali, gajiya, tsoka aches, juwa. Duk wadannan cututtuka da aka sani da antidepressant an daina ciwo. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa likitoci bada shawara hankali rage kashi na magani samu da kuma yin haka a karkashin kulawar kwararru. Kawai professionals iya taimakawa wajen taimaka rashin jin daɗi, ya tsince ta zama dole normotonics da kuma shirye-shirye a kan tushen da shuke-shuke. Idan da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne riƙi ba dama, sa'an nan ya ganawa da aka abruptly kare, irin soke antidepressants iya kai ga barci disturbances, ta ƙara tashin hankali, da kuma matsalolin da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, da wadannan cututtuka zai iya faruwa:

• m tsoro.
• mura-kamar bayyanar cututtuka.
• tashin zuciya, amai.
• cramps da kuma zafi a cikin gastrointestinal fili.
• asarar daidaituwa, da kuma vertigo.
• yãyen mafarki;
• reshe tsãwa.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Daga dukan abubuwan da ke sama, ana iya ƙaddara cewa irin wannan kwayoyi, irin su antidepressants, suna da karfi kuma suna da haɗari, cewa su kwayoyi ne na yau da kullum waɗanda zasu iya magance matsalolin. Duk da haka, kafin ka fara ɗaukar su, ka tabbata ka tuntubi likita - likita ko likita, wanda zai iya gano ko wane nau'in cutar ya kasance naka kuma abin da magunguna zasu taimaka wajen magance shi.