Anaphylactic halayen. anaphylactic buga

Kalmar "rashin lafiyan dauki", "angioedema", "anaphylactic tura" bayyana gwada da kwanan nan a magani, a cikin farkon karni na ashirin. Duniya gabatar da Faransa masanin kimiyya, ta Nobel a magani, a physiologist Sharl Rishe. Sa'an nan kuma ra'ayin a cikin gida magani kama Aleksandr Mihaylovich Bezredko, ya inganta hanyoyin da gudanarwa kwayoyi ga marasa lafiya tare da wani tarihi na allergies. Daga baya rahotanni gaggawa da aka ɓullo da ga irin wannan marasa lafiya, da kuma yawan mutuwar da ya rage. Duk da haka, duk da zamani da magani, da mace-mace kudi na anaphylaxis ne har yanzu high.

definition

A m sharuddan, wani alerji - shi ne don kara ji na ƙwarai daga rigakafi da tsarin wani musamman pathogen da kuma ta m dauki ta hanyar maimaita karo da shi. Rashin lafiyan halayen ne na dama iri:

• nan da nan, ko anaphylactic.
• cytotoxic (antibodies haye amsa tare da kyallen takarda da kwayoyin).
• immunokopleksnogo (jijiyoyin bugun gini rauni kunna rigakafi gidaje).
• jinkiri ko kletochnozavisimogo.

Anaphylactic halayen - na bayyana rashin lafiyan halayen na farko da irin, cewa shi ne nan da nan.

Bugu da kari, a asibiti yi asirce mafi anaphylactoid halayen ne irin na asibiti manifestations anaphylaxis, amma ginshikai na samuwar su ne ya sa ta kunnawa da kumburi Kwayoyin tare da kasashen waje abubuwa, gaba da sunadaran maimakon gidaje "antigen - antibody".

dalilai

Da farko anaphylactic rashin lafiyan dauki faru a lokacin da wani mutum jiki ya fadi mai guba abu. A matsayin misali, cizon kwari da guba dabbobi masu rarrafe. Amma a duniya a yau, jiki na iya ba da amsa ko da saba, banal abubuwa:

1. Abinci - zuma, madara, kwayoyi, qwai, abincin teku, cakulan, 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus.
2. Medicaments - hormones, bambanci jamiái, magani, Sera, anesthetics.
3. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi - pollen, naman gwari, dabba dander, ƙura mites.
4. Da yawan zafin jiki na yanayi - da sanyi / zafi.
5. Karuwan alama na alerji a mutane da asma, vasomotor rhinitis, eczema.

Wannan shi ne kawai a takaice, sosai janar jerin abubuwan da zai iya sa allergies a cikin talakawan mutum. Bugu da kari, idan irin wannan halayen ana lura a zumunta na farko line na kinship, sa'an nan, mafi m, yaron zai ma suna da wannan dauki.

dauki manufa na ci gaba

Rashin lafiyan halayen anaphylactic irin martani dangantawa da pathological rigakafi da tsarin don samun a cikin kwayoyin na waje jamiái. Yadda aka saba, a farko gamuwa da wani antigen jiki samar immunoglobulins M, kuma a lõkacin da sake - G. Duk da haka, wani lokacin aiwatar ya bata. Anaphylactic irin dauki faruwa a lokacin da kara yawan takamaiman immunoglobulin E. Sun bayyana tun da lamba tare da wani abu a karo na farko, amma ba a farko bayyana kansu. Maimakon haka, suna gyarawa a farfajiya na mast sel (basophils) da kuma jiran a fuka-fuki. Idan wani mutum da aka sake tuntube da antigen, da Ige kunna basophils kuma saki mai kumburi shiga tsakani, kamar histamine, cytokines, interleukins, prostaglandins da leukotrienes. Tare da babban adadin tsarin da suka shafi jikin ta kyallen takarda, haddasa edema, vasodilation, m tsoka a cikin ganuwar m gabobin, na numfashi rashin cin nasara, ta ƙara mugunya gland. The site na shigarwa na allergen kafa kumburi yankin. Wannan lokaci na nan da nan hypersensitivity.

Amma ci gaban anaphylaxis, kuma yana da biyu lokaci, ko lokaci, ya kira jinkirta hypersensitivity. Domin samuwar na kumburi mayar da hankali ga shiga Kwayoyin ta chemotaxis - lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages. Sun ƙunshi cytoplasmic abubuwa bukata domin yaki da waje jamiái, amma maimakon halaka jiki ta nasu nama, da kuma connective nama yana kafa maimakon. Matsayin mai mulkin, a jinkirta dauki auku a cikin awowi shida bayan m, kuma yana zuwa kwana biyu.

Amfaninsa anaphylactic halayen

Iri anaphylactic halayen kasu bisa ga tsananin da na asibiti manifestations. Halayyar ãyõyi zai taimake ku da sauri tantance yanayin haƙuri, kuma ga samar dace taimako.

1. Light anaphylactic dauki ba barazana ga rayuwar dan Adam. Subjectively, marasa lafiya bayyana shi a matsayin ji na paresthesia - tingling ko zafi a cikin wata gabar jiki, a hade tare da wani kadan kumburi da mucous membranes na hanci, baki, ko eyelids. Zai yiwu sneezing, na ruwa idanu, itching. Alamun bayyana da kuma bace a cikin wani yini.
2. A talakawan mataki na tsanani bayyana a matsayin bronchospasm amsawa mucosal edema na maƙogwaro da bronchi. A cikin mutane, akwai dyspnea, tari, da iska wuce a cikin huhu da halayyar bushe-bushe sauti. A wadannan yanayi ne yiwu angioedema, urticaria. Yana iya zama obscheintoksikatsionnye bayyananen, kamar tashin zuciya da amai, ciwon kai, zazzabi. A wasu lokuta akwai erythema, mai tsanani itching, juyayi da tashin hankali.
3. Tsanani m anaphylactic halayen fara da a farko, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kama da irin haske. Sa'an nan, bayan 'yan mintoci, bi da wani mataki na biyu da bronchospasm, edema daga cikin manya na numfashi fili da kuma Bronchial numfashi gazawar. To, akwai cyanosis, iya daina numfashi. A mataki na gaba shi ne da hakan na bayyanar cututtuka. Mucous ta kumbura ba kawai a cikin numfashi fili, amma kuma a cikin narkewa kamar fili. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga hanginsu, amai, zawo da kuma ciwon mara. Daga cikin juyayi tsarin na iya faruwa seizures, illa innervation na pelvic gabobin. Gefe jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin tsawo da kuma fita cikin ruwa rabo daga jini a cikin kewaye nama saboda edema tsokani wani matsin lamba sauke saukar zuwa durkushe. A tsanani daga cikin yanayin dogara a kan gudun na ci gaba da tsari, su sunã a cikin kai tsaye gwargwado ga sauri, da muni da hangen nesa. Har mutuwa.

gida cututtuka

M akwai for m zuwa moderately-tsanani rashin lafiyan dauki, haddasa rashin jin daɗi da haƙuri, amma ba su kai ga mutuwa:

• catarrhal bayyananen kamar yadda rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea.
• bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, asma, edema daga cikin manya na numfashi fili up zuwa cikakken toshewa.
• ji hasara saboda busa na mucosa ciki da Eustachian tube.
• multiforme rash a kan fata kamar urticaria, eczema, rashin lafiyan lamba dermatitis (located a yankunan da m fata - ciki, makwancin gwaiwa, chelidon). yawanci tsakaitã.

Common bayyanar cututtuka

Hade da wani hadadden na allergen daukan hotuna a jiki:

• ciwon kai, wani rauni, lethargy, drowsiness.
• tashin zuciya, amai, dyspepsia a cikin nau'i na zawo ko maƙarƙashiya, cramping zafi a ciki.
• zuciya kari tashin hankali, drop a matsa lamba, aka rufe da mãgãgi, auka, bugu.

anaphylactic buga

Ya ce mafi tsanani, bayyanuwar abin da zai iya rashin lafiyan halayen. Anaphylactic buga fara abruptly, a lokacin farko da minti bayan daukan hotuna da antigen. Da farko likita dole ne a tuntubi m gida dauki ga magani, abinci ko cizo. Wannan na iya zama fiye da kima zafi, kumburi na jet, da numfashi ba itching ko kaifi drop a matsa lamba. Idan wani abinci allergen, sa'an nan duk iya fara da amai da kuma kumburi daga cikin bakin, pharynx, ko maƙogwaro.

A mataki na biyu ya aikata wani reflex spasm na Bronchial shambura da overlapping airway lumen saukar zuwa daina numfashi. Kara hypoxia, lebe da kuma extremities juya blue, da mãsu haƙuri hasarar sani, aka rufe da mãgãgi ko nitsewa cikin wani coma. Ba tare da tiyata likita ma'aikacin mutum ya mutu sosai da sauri, ba tare da ya farka,.

gaggawa

Domin hana yaduwar cikin antigen a ko'ina cikin jiki, sama da sa site na allergen ne amfani kayan doki (idan zai yiwu) da kuma gudanar da gaggawa kasa dan lido 0.1% epinephrine bayani (s.c. ko i.v.). Kuma kara a cikinta, a wani jijiya, "Prednisolone" kashi na 5 MG da kilogram na haƙuri nauyi zuwa rage tsarin mayar da martani. Idan wadannan matakan ba taimaka, da kuma mutumin da ya ci gaba da shaƙa, shi wajibi ne a gudanar da wani tracheal intubation da kuma fara wucin gadi numfasawa jakar Ambu ko ventilator. Yana haka ya faru da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a saka wani numfashi tube, sa'an nan a yanke shawara da aka yi game da kotikotomii ko tracheotomy. Wannan zai tabbatar da samun da oxygen, da kuma ajiye haƙuri ta rayuwa.

Features na Drug Administration

Dukan lokacin, har gaggawa matakan da ake da za'ayi, ba za ka iya ci gaba da shigar da adrenaline har zuwa a total kashi na biyu milliliters. Amma ba su samu shiga a cikin su, tun yawan abin sama na iya worsen da exacerbate anaphylactic dauki. Don cire bronchospasm (idan ba ta wuce bayan gabatarwar adrenaline kanta), yana yiwuwa su yi shige da haƙuri ashirin milliliters na "aminophylline" intravenously (sannu a hankali).

Idan babu prednisone, shi za a iya maye gurbinsu da tura allurai da sauran glucocorticoids, misali, gabatar da 500 ml "Metiprednizolona" ko abun ciki na biyar vials "Dexamethasone". Karami allurai zai zama m.

rigakafin

Anaphylactic halayen ne sauki su hana fiye da zuwa magani. Don yin wannan, don kauce wa yiwu lamba tare da allergen, idan aka sani ga mutum, kuma a tabbatar an bayar da rahoton irin halayen da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da gwamnatin kwayoyi, tiyata ko physiotherapy. Bugu da kari, mutane da nasaba da kwarewa wajibi ne don gudanar da alƙalami da epinephrine da nebulized bronchodilator short-addashin. Wannan zai bugun sama da arziki da kiwon lafiya taimako a cikin hali na hari da za a iya ceton rayuka.