American billionaire Howard Hughes biography, fina-finai, photos

Howard Robard Hyuz, Jr. (12/24/1905 - 05/04/1976) - American pilot, kasuwa da kuma m, mafi kyau a san shi da gudu zuwa talla, kazalika da hanyar da ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa.

manhaja vitae

Govard Hyuz aka haife shi a Houston, Texas, ɗan wani hakar ma'adinai m Howard Hughes Robard Sr da kuma Allen Gano. Yaron ya shekara uku da haihuwa sa'ad da mahaifinsa ɓullo da wani bit wanda ya kawo canji, a hakowa na rijiyoyin man fetur da kuma ya kawo babban riba na kamfanin. Duk da yake, uwãyensa sun kasance m wadanda mutane mutane, Govard Ros shiru da kuma introspective, da nuna kadan ban sha'awa a cikin makaranta, fãce ga propensity ga lissafi da kuma da ikon haifar da articles daga waya da kuma ya da karfe. Karfi a haɗe zuwa ga uwarsa, ya kasance a cikin tsõro daga ubansa. Duk wanda ya sadu da shi shekaru daga baya, da'awar cewa Govard Hyuz (photo dauka daga baya a cikin labarin) sun taba dauki kansa daidai da su.

A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu da aka kwantar da shi da Fessenden School a West Newton, Massachusetts. Home a lokacin hutu, uwarsa bai ba shi, ya hau babur, dauka cewa shi ne unsafe. Sa'an nan ya jũya bike cikin wani moped, ta amfani sassa daga mota Starter da baturi. A wani lokaci, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya alkawarta masa cewa zai bayar da abin da ya so, Hughes ya zaɓi wani tafiya a kan wani jirgin ruwan tashi. Sai ya gano da kyau na jirgin sama, wanda nan da nan ya zama wani kamu da wani ra'ayi.

The matasa miliyoniya

A rawar soja bit Hughes yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da American masana'antun man fetur. Jawabin da more kuma mafi lokaci a California, a cikin watan Satumba 1921, Howard iyayen aika shi zuwa ga Thacher School a Ohae, game da 112 km arewa maso yammacin Los Angeles. Kawunsa Rupert Hyuz wani abu marubuci a Hollywood, kuma ta hanyar da shi da iyali suka matsahi na saba da hakan yadudduka na gida al'umma. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1922, Howard ta uwarsa mutu bayan tiyata. Uba da dan koma zuwa Houston, inda a 1924, Hughes Sr. mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya a lokacin wani taro na tallace-tallace kungiyar.

Govard Hyuz, wanda biography aka ɓaci ta asarar iyaye a cikin Firayim na rayukansu, ya fara sha daga hypochondria, tsoron mutuwa da microbes kasa da shekaru goma sha takwas. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar daina karatu a Cibiyar Rice, dake Houston, kuma suka aikata aiki. Samun gaji 75% gungumen azaba, a cikin kamfanin na ubansa, ya sayi sauran 25%, wanda aka rarraba a tsakanin dangi. Wannan yana da su nemi dogon da wuya hanya tsokani mai yawa scandals, wanda, duk da haka, 'yan kaxan dame Howard. Hughes ya ce da cewa domin ya yi umurni, dole ka kasance m a kan mutane. Daga wannan wuri ya taba karkata.

Govard Hyuz da mata

Sun kasuwa bai son administrative gefen ya kasuwanci, da kuma ya yi ijara da mutanen da suka san abin da ya yi, kusan ba tare da ya hallara. Ya yanke shawara ya ci nasara, kuma kamfanin ya bunƙasa, kyale Hughes don samun karin free lokaci. Ya zarar zama sha'awar a cikin Houston mazaunin Elloy Rays, inda ya yi aure a shekara ta 1925. Suka zauna a Los Angeles, inda ya yanke shawarar zama a movie m Howard.

Hughes ne wani mutum da ya kasance m ba da shawara. Ya aikata abin da yake so. Da farko film, ƙara Hogan, shi ne don haka bad cewa shi aka taba saki, amma na biyu, Kowa ke mukaddashin ( «duk play," 1926), ya mai nasara, kamar yadda da biyu Arabian Knights ( «biyu Arab Knight", 1927 g), da umarni Lewis milestone William Boyd a cikin suna rawa. Last kintinkiri kawo milestone "Oscar" ga mafi comedy darektan. Wadannan fina-finai Hughes, The ma'abota Call kuma The raban (duka biyu na 1928), sun kasance m isa ya sa a zuciya shi janye almara game da jiragen sama a lokacin yakin duniya na, "Jahannama ta Mala'iku", da harbi wanda dade for biyu da rabi shekaru. Howard kariminci barjat kudi, sayen jirage da kuma haya matuka, kusan a sharuddan mallaki kananan iska karfi a San Fernando Valley. A hoto kasafin kudin kai $ 4 miliyan - staggering adadin a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, da kuma Hughes ya dauki sau 300 fiye da ya zama dole. Saki a lokacin rani na 1930 a lokacin da kasa ciki, fim da aka kyau samu, amma shi ya dauki wani dogon lokaci zuwa rufe da halin kaka.

A kudi hada da aure da kuma Howard. Hughes ya barke har da Elloy Rays - ta koma Houston, jayayya cewa ba shi yiwuwa su auri wani mutum wanda aka damu da wani irin aikinsa da kuma ya wuya gida. Bayan wannan m fadi cikin soyayya tare da actress Billi Dav, wanda alamar tauraro a biyu daga cikin na gaba film The Age of Love ( «Age of Love") da kuma Cock na Air. Da suka fito a cikin 1931, amma ba nasara, kamar yadda al'amari tare da Dove, wanda shi ne na farko a cikin wani dogon layin da ya intrigues da actresses. Govard Hyuz da Ava Gardner, ya, da kuma Rita Hayworth, Dzhindzher Rodzhers, Lana Turner, Ida Lupino, Bett Deyvis, Sid Charris - duk suka a lokaci daya masoya.

A tushe na kamfanin jirgin sama

Hyuz Govard Aircraft na farko Duniya ya nuna sake a cikin film "sama ta aljannu" (1931), a cikin abin da babban rawa da Spenser Treysi, amma film kasa maimaita zargin, "Jahannama ta Mala'iku". Mafi alhẽri abubuwa sun kasance a cikin Front Page (1931) da kuma Scarface (1932), wanda suna dauke da wani mini-classic.

Hughes ya ce wa gaba tef zai zama a kan airships, amma iko da ta kamfanin Hughes Tool tsayayya jawabin da kudi a kan wani almara. Ya ji maganarsu,, ko fiye da suka sa ran. Govard Hyuz fim ba kawai ya fara dauki kashe, ya ko da ya ki da fim kasuwanci. A shekara ta 1933 ya kafa a Glendale, California, Hughes Aircraft. Bayan shekaru tara, ya koma da shi a Culver City, inda ta tashi ne, a daya daga cikin mafi m kamfanoni a samar da jiragen sama a duniya.

iska ace

Govard Hyuz - wani Aviator a 1934, ya samu kyauta, a All-American iska gasa a Miami, piloting da "Boeing" sayo su daga US Army da reworked cikin wani racing jirgin sama. A cikin watan Satumba 1935, ya kafa wani sabon gudun rikodin a kan mota, wanda ya raya, kuma a watan Janairu na gaba shekara, ya kafa wani sabon transcontinental gudun rikodin, ya tashi daga Los Angeles zuwa Newark, New Jersey, domin 9 h. 12 min. Ya iska na kasada sanya shi wani m adadi a cikin latsa kuma a kan Airways, musamman a 1938, lokacin da wani ya tuba biyu-engine "Lockheed-14" tare da matukan jirgin da mutane hudu ya circled duniya a 3 kwanaki 12 h. 28 min. A May 1939, kamfanin da cewa daga baya ya zama da aka sani da Trans World Airlines, ya zama dũkiyar Howard. Hughes tare da shi suka zo a kasuwa na sayar da jiragen sama, da kuma a cikin kaka na wannan shekara ta fara tsara sabon iri na soja jirgin sama a taron na Amurka da hannu a yaki.

Tuhuma da kisan

Yuni 11, 1936 Hughes tuki a kan Wilshire babban titi da kuma buga saukar da wani tafiya a ƙasa to mutuwa ta sunan Gabriel Meyer. An kama shi sannan aka tuhume shi da laifin kisan kai. Duk da cewa ya m tuki, ya karya doka, Hughes aka saki ba tare da cajin. A cikin littafinsa "Govard Hyuz: The Secret Life" (2004), Charlz Hayem bayar da hujjar cewa, a wancan zamani, da gundumar masu kara a iya sayi da sayar da mai shi daga wani isasshen adadin zai iya biya kashe kusan wani abu.

"Fashi"

A 1940 Hughes kafa wani samarwa kamfanin. Ya sanar da cewa zai yi a fim game da Billy Quidet featuring ba a sani ba 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar yadda Billy da budurwa. A karshen harka, sai ya zaɓi goma sha tara Dzheyn Rassel, a fili, saboda ta da kyau-ɓullo da fasa. Saboda wannan dalili, hoton The fashi ( «fashi", 1943) aka hõre katsalandan, wanda aka yadu rufe a kafofin watsa labarai. Hughes ya kaina shiga a cikin ja-gora. Bayan na farko ban a kan nuni na hoto, daga karshe ya samu izinin haya, amma ya yanke shawarar jira shekaru biyu zuwa jama'a son sani girma ko fiye. Madaidaici kira ridiculously bad film, The fashi har yanzu sanya miliyoyi ga Howard.

Hughes a lokacin da harbi hoton da za a yi. A 1943, ya hada karfi tare da shipbuilder Henry Kaiser kuma lashe gwamnati kwangila to gina uku babbar Flying jiragen. Amma daya kawai aka gina - wannan shi ne sanannen jirgin sama "Hercules" Howard Hughes. Domin a tashi jiragen aka soke a lokacin da shi ya zama na fili da cewa su ba za a iya kammala a lokaci don amfani a cikin yaki. Sauran kwangila ga jirgin sama da aka ma soke.

hadarin jirgin sama

Ko da yaushe sabon abu a cikin halaye da dabi'u, da tycoon ya zama ma fi eccentric. Duk da haka, Govard Hyuz, wanda biography ne cike da hatsarori, yana da wani gagarumin ikon zauna da rai. Yuli 7, 1946 a lokacin da wani gwajin jirgin a XF-11 injuna ƙaryata. A jirgin ya fado, fashe kuma kone su. Pilot aka ja daga tarkacen da sagging ƙirãza, karye hakarkarinsa, kuma ya ƙiya zuwa ga haske. Doctors shakka cewa zai rayu. Duk da haka, a watan magnate da ya farka da zarar ya fara tashi a sake. 'Yan san cewa Howard Hughes Ciwon "bi" codeine.

Movies, kuma jirage

Duk da zafi da matsaloli tare da sufurin jiragen sama Corporation, Hughes jũya zuwa ga fim, watakila saboda ribar da daraja da cewa ya fim The fashi. Ya sanya hannu kwangilar da biyu sanannun Hollywood Figures, Harold Lloyd da Preston Sturges, ga harbi da comedy Mad Laraba ( «Crazy Laraba", 1947), amma shi ana sa ran kasa. Hughes sa'an nan ya dauki ƙaunataccen - 22-shekara Feyt Domerg - starring a wani kaya wasan kwaikwayo Vendetta ( «Vendetta", 1948). Govard Hyuz film, wannan, da rashin alheri, da aka tilasta sa a kan shiryayye, kamar yadda ko da ya gan yadda bad hoton.

A layi daya tare da harbi, ya yi wasu abubuwan da ya yi, daya daga wanda shi ya so ya mayar da XF-11, da kuma tabbatar da airworthiness, kuma ya yi Afrilu 5, 1947 Bayan watanni hudu, ya shaida ga Soja kwamitin binciken, na Majalisar Dattijan a kan aikinsa a matsayin mai tsaron dan kwangila. Hughes ya yi yawa makiya a lokacin yaki, haka ma, ya kasance ba a matsayin nasara kamar yadda fatan. Hughes Aircraft Company bai zama wata katuwar, kamar yadda ya shirya - da ta faru daga baya a cikin Space Age. M "Hercules" a zahiri zargi airworthy, suka ƙaryata game Hughes tashi for 'yan mintoci a bisa ruwayen da harbor na Long Beach, Nuwamba 2, 1947.

Inda ya yi da miliyan 40?

A shekarar 1945, 'yar jarida, Westbrook Pegler ce cewa ya ga hamayyar da FBI, wanda da'awar cewa Hughes amfani da dũkiyarsa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba samu kwangilolin gwamnati. A shekara, Owen Brewster, Shugaban Soja kwamitin binciken, na Majalisar Dattijan, ya ce ya yi matukar damuwa da cewa gwamnati ta ba Howard $ 40 miliyan domin ci gaba da kuma samar da biyu jirage cewa ba an yi. Ya kuma lura da cewa shugaban kasar Franklin D. Roosevelt, da ra'ayin da ya soja masana ya Hughes da kwangila domin samar da F-11 da kuma NK-1 (wanda kuma aka sani da suna "Hercules").

Brewster ce cewa Hughes ya shirya jam'iyyun ga jami'an gwamnati, wanda ya yi niyyar zuwa tasiri su nan gaba yanke shawara. Howard starlet biya $ 200 cewa sun dauki bangare a gare su. Su aiki da ya yi iyo a cikin tsirara a cikin pool Hughes. Dzhulius Krag, shugaban majalisar soja samar, ya kasance daya daga wadanda suka frequented wadannan jam'iyyun. Daya majalisar wakilan, wanda shi ma a wajensa a gidan Howard, ya ce: "Idan gaskiya ne cewa su aka biya $ 200, da suka ƙwarai underpaid."

Hughes da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma leaked bayanai ga 'yan jaridu Dryu Pirsonu da kuma Jack Anderson cewa Owen Brewster samu kudi daga kamfanin Pan American Airlines (Pan Am), daidaitawa da shi. A cewar Howard, Pan Am aka kokarin shawo kan gwamnatin {asar Amirka don ƙirƙirar kenkenewa na aikin hukuma duniya karkashin ta iko. Part wannan shirin ya tilasta duk data kasance Amurka dako da ayyukan da kasashen waje, kusa ko don ci tare da Pan Am. Kamar yadda maigidan Trans World Airlines, Hughes ne mai tsanani barazana ga shirin. By Howard ya ce Brewster matso kusa da shi tare da wani tsari don ci tare da Trans World Pan Am. Lokacin da ya ƙi, shugaban kwamitin ya fara shafa yaƙi da shi.

Dryu Pirson da Dzhek Anderson ĩmãni Hughes da kuma kaddamar da kamfen da Owen Brewster. Sun ruwaito cewa Pan Am shugaban kwamitin bayar da free flights zuwa Houben Sound, Florida, inda ya aka Miscellaneous a cikin hutu gida na mataimakin shugaban kasar Pan Am Sam Pryor. Wadannan zarge-zarge da aka maimaita Hughes a lokacin da ya bayyana a gaban soja binciken kwamitin majalisar dattawa. Ya kuma zargi Brewster na kokarin ci da ceto shi da wani ra'ayi zuwa wani ci tare da Trans World Pan Am. Shugaban kwamitin ƙaryata game da zargin, amma ya taimaka kawar da hankali daga batun na almubazzarancin 40 da dala miliyan na jama'a kudi.

Soja binciken kwamitin majalisar dattawa ba kammala rahoton NDR F-11 da kuma HK-1. Kwamitin rufe ta tarurruka da kuma ƙarshe aka narkar.

Siyan da kuma sayar da RKO studio

M-na kullum cuta - abin da m Govard Hyuz - bai ba shi yarda da shan kashi. A shekara ta 1948, ya sayi wani Hollywood studio RKO. Hughes mallakar da kuma sarrafa shi na shekaru biyar, yayin da sauran a ofishinsa a Goldwyn studio, sau ɗaya kawai ziyarci yankin na RKO. 'Yan fina-finan sun yi shekara da shekaru, ya zama financially riba, kuma duk da kera, gudanarwa da kuma screenwriters RKO koka cewa sun ba su iya saduwa da Hughes don tattauna matsalolinsu. A ƙarshe, na ƙarshe ya bayyana cewa ya bukatar RKO kazalika, kamar annoba, da kuma studio sayar da $ 25 miliyan, wadda, bayan bashi biya zuwa hannun jeri kuma lauyoyi ya bar $ miliyan 6.

A tushe na Cibiyar Medicine

Howard bukatu a sauran abokai, musamman jirgin sama, a tsawon shekaru sun kawai ya karu ikon mallakar RKO, da kuma dukiyarsa da aka kiyasta a miliyoyi. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin da ya kafa Howard Hughes Medical Institute a Florida, wanda ya nuna damuwa game da germs da cutar. Ya yi wa'adi ga wasiyya domin kafa yawa na dukiyarsa ga daya a kan madadin sun yi wani abu mai kyau. Koyaushe makadaita, ya zama ko da mafi reclusive kuma ƙarshe tsaya sadarwa da dukkan amma management na kasuwanci. A shekarar 1957, ya auri actress Dzhin Peters, amma aure ya unconventional, su zama abõkan tãrayya da wuya zauna tare. Sai suka sake a 1971.

Howard Hughes biography. Cutar da kuma na karshe shekaru

Abin da kasawa a cikin aure ko a cikin fim, da nasarar Hughes a gina jet da kuma soja jirgin sama ya tashi. Amma da danniya na duk wadannan gudanarda ayyuka yin mummunan tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya, da kuma a shekarar 1958, Howard yana da juyayi rashin lafiya.

A shekarar 1965, Atomic Energy Hukumar ta sanar da cewa za a fara gwajin makaman nukiliya a kan Pahute Mesa, kawai 150 miles daga gida na Howard Hughes. Ya samu a touch tare da Richard Nixon, amma ya ƙi magana a kan wadannan gwaje-gwaje. A lokacin yakin neman zabe 1968 mataimaki Robert Hughes ya gana da Mayo Hubert Humphrey a Denver. Mayo gaya Humphrey cewa Hughes ne son biya shi dubu 100. Dollars idan ya yi wani abu tare da wadannan makaman nukiliya gwaje-gwaje. Humphrey ya yi alkawari cewa idan aka zabe shi dan, shi zai sanya a kimiyya hukumar nazarin sakamakon radiation.

A cewar marubucin na littafin "Govard Hyuz: The Secret Life", Hughes yi farin ciki, ya kuma yi alkawarin kwamitin 300 dala dubu .. Amma Hughes ya ji tsoron cewa Bobby Kennedy zai lashe Humphrey, wanda rasa kyau, baiwa da sunan abokin gābansa. Yuni 4, 1968 , Robert Kennedy da aka kashe. Hughes ya damu da cewa Edward Kennedy zai maye gurbin da ɗan'uwansa, kuma sai ya yanke shawarar cin hanci da Larry Mista O'Brien na yanzu, shugaban na Kennedy yaƙin neman zaɓe. Robert Mayo Mista O'Brien na yanzu hadu a Las Vegas, Yuli 4, 1968 A sakamakon taron an amince da cewa Hughes zai biya Mista O'Brien na yanzu $ 15,000 da watan.

A Hughes yana da m rikici da gwamnatin kan haraji, a karshen, ya bar California da kuma mayar da su Nevada. A 1967, ya sayi Desert Inn a Las Vegas yi shi da gida da kuma hedkwatar kamfanoni a Nevada. A shekarar 1966, ya sayar da TWA for 566 da dala miliyan. Shekaru hudu daga baya, Hughes sayi Air West.

Don kauce wa biyan haraji, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1970 Hughes mayar da su cikin hotel Britannia.A Beach Hotel, dake a cikin Bahamas Aljanna. Bayan da ya taba koma zuwa Amurka. A karshe shekaru shida na rayuwar da ya yi aka koma daga daya alatu hotel zuwa wani.

Mutuwa a jirgin

Hughes ya zama recluse, rayuwa bayan rufaffiyar blinds. Ya koma Managua (Nicaragua), sa'an nan - a Vancouver, London, Freeport a Bahamas, kuma a karshe, a Acapulco (Mexico). A shekarar 1972 ya sayar Hughes Tool kamfanin for $ 150 miliyan. A dukiya da Summa ya kamfani, wanda kulawa duk da kasuwanci, da aka kiyasta a $ 2 biliyan. Duk da dukiyarsa, da billionaire shi ne irin mutum mai rai a cikin matsananci talauci. A cikin 'yan shekaru, Govard Hyuz bai yi wa rashin lafiya da kuma bai ci yadda ya kamata. Ya aka ƙãre: a lokacin rasuwar nauyi ne kawai 42 kg. Hughes ba da damar mataimakansa kula da kaina, sai na karshe rasa sani. Sai suka yi kokarin su matsa zuwa Houston, amma a lokacin da jirgin saman ya sauka, ya riga ya mutu. Govard Hyuz mutu a jirgin, yana da kyau ga shi, domin kawai a cikin iska, ya ji a gida. Bai bar 'ya'ya miliyoniya bar duniya nasa da wani sunan cewa ya zama wani labari.

A fim game da Howard Hughes, "The Aviator" samu saman karrama a bikin "Golden duniya" a Hollywood. Bugu da kari, da abin kwaikwaya da aka bayar da biyar "Oscars" kyauta Screen Actors Kungiya lambobin yabo da hudu Birtaniya Academy of Film kuma Television Arts. Govard Hyuz (DiCaprio) aka nuna a cikin tsawon ransa daga marigayi 1920s zuwa marigayi 1940s.