A abun da ke ciki na mutum da jini aiki

Wannan batu, kamar jini da jini aiki, a fili ya cancanci da hankali kamar yadda daya daga cikin tushe bayyana cikakken aiki na dukan jikin mutum. Gane darajar da jini ya kwarara da muhimmanci saboda ta gagarumin tasiri a kan duk da key matakai a cikin jiki.

Mene ne jini

By da jini da ruwa kamata fahimta da ciki yanayi, wanda ya samar da wani m key biochemical kuma physiological sigogi, yayin da inganta humoral mahada tsakanin jikinsu. By nazarin jini, abun da ke ciki da kuma ayyuka, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci ainihin biyu ainihin sharuddan:

- gefe jini (shi kunshi jini).

- ulla abubuwa (located ciki da jini a dakatar).

Jini kuma za a iya bayyana a matsayin wani nau'i na nama, halin da dama siffofin: ta bijiro da batun kafa sassa da daban-daban asalin, wannan jiki ruwa ne a akai motsi, duk da abubuwa na jini suna kafa da kuma halakar da waje na jini ya kwarara.

A karkashin taken: "da jini tsarin, da abun da ke ciki da kuma ayyuka" shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a wannan tsarin sun hada da hematopoietic gabobin da kuma kroverazrusheniya (hanta, bargo, Lymph nodes, saifa), da kuma na gefe jini.

jini abun da ke ciki

Mai jini rabin - 60% - na jini, da kuma kawai 40% cika da irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin erythrocytes, leukocytes da platelets. Danko sosai m ruwa (jini) ya ƙunshi abubuwa da suke da muhimmanci ga rai gabar. Su matsawa a kan kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin, samar da ake so sunadarai dauki da cikakken aiki na dukan juyayi tsarin. Samar da gland na ciki mugunya hormones samun a cikin jini, sa'an nan kuma yada a ko'ina cikin jiki jini ya kwarara. Antibodies - enzymes cewa kare jiki da daban-daban iri barazana - suna kunshe a cikin jini.

erythrocytes

Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da kuma na asali ayyuka na jini, shi wajibi ne don kula da ja jini Kwayoyin. Wannan ja da maikacin jini, da sanin da launi na jini. A da tsarin, da ja jini cell ne sosai kama da wani bakin ciki soso, pores na wanda haemoglobin. A kan talakawan, kowane m na dauke da 267 erythrocyte haemoglobin millionov barbashi "hadiye" da carbon dioxide da oxygen shigar da su a cikin mix.

Za zurfi a cikin batu: "Tsari da kuma aiki na jini: ja Kwayoyin," shi ya kamata a fahimci cewa barbashi iya jure babban adadin haemoglobin saboda makaman nukiliya-free tsarin. Game da girman da erythrocyte, sa'an nan suka isa 8 micrometres a tsawon kuma 3 micrometers a fadin. Yawan ja jini Kwayoyin ba tare da ƙari babban: kowane biyu a cikin bargo da aka kafa fiye da miliyan 2 da wadannan barbashi, su duka taro a jiki ne game da 26 tiriliyan.

leukocytes

Wadannan abubuwa ne kuma muhimmanci aka gyara na jini. Farin jini Kwayoyin kira fari da maikacin jini, wanda zai iya zama daban-daban size. Su ne zagaye da ba daidai ba form. Saboda farin jini Kwayoyin - a barbashi da ciwon zuciyar, su sami damar matsawa da kansa. Suna da yawa fiye da karami ja da maikacin jini, da farin jini Kwayoyin amma an rayayye da hannu a cikin jiki ta m ayyuka da cututtuka. Jini abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki na jini ba zai iya zama cikakken ba tare da farin jini Kwayoyin.

Leukocytes mallaka musamman enzymes cewa suna iya daura da manne bazuwar kayayyakin da kasashen waje gina jiki da abubuwa, da ma sha cutarwa kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, wasu siffofin leucocytes iya nuna wani antibody - gina jiki barbashi da ciwon daya daga cikin muhimmanci ayyuka: kayar wani waje kwayoyin kama a jini, mucous membranes da sauran kyallen takarda ko gabobin.

platelets

Wadannan platelets motsi a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga jirgin ruwa katangu. Su main aiki - jijiyoyin bugun gini dawo a yanayin lalacewa. Idan ka yi amfani da likita terminology, zamu iya cewa da platelets suna tsunduma a samar da hemostasis (jini clotting). Per cubic millimeter na wani talakawan na sama da 500 da dubu. Wadannan barbashi. Platelets rayuwa a kan kasa sauran jini abubuwa - daga 4 zuwa 7 kwanaki.

Su motsa yardar kaina tare da jini ya kwarara da kuma kiyaye kawai a cikin wadanda wuraren da ya kwarara daga jini ke shiga shiru jihar (saifa, da hanta, subcutaneous nama). A lokacin kunnawa da platelets zama mai siffar zobe siffar, a cikinsa kafa pseudopodia (musamman outgrowths). Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan pseudopodia jini abubuwa ne iya haɗa tare da juna da kuma gyarawa a wuri lalace jirgin ruwa bango.

Jini abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki na jini kamata a yi la'akari ne kawai a kan tushen da mataki na platelets.

lymphocytes

Wannan kalma tana nufin kananan mononuclear Kwayoyin. Lymphocytes a cikin mafi yawan da size up to 10 microns. A nuclei daga wadannan Kwayoyin suna zagaye da m cytoplasm kuma kunshi lafiya hatsi da aka canza launin bluish launi. A waje nazarin shi za a iya gani cewa duk Kwayoyin suna da wannan tsari. Wannan ba ya canja da wadannan gaskiya - da suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin kaddarorin da jikin tantanin da ayyuka.

Wadanda mononuclear jini abubuwa kasu kashi uku main Categories: 0-Kwayoyin, B-Kwayoyin da T-Kwayoyin. A lymphocyte aiki ne a matsayin precursors na sel cewa samar antibody. Bi da bi, da T-Kwayoyin samar da canji na B leukocytes. Ya kamata a lura da cewa T-Kwayoyin - wani rukuni na rigakafi da tsarin Kwayoyin, wanda ya yi aikin da muhimman ayyuka. Alal misali, su hallara ne a aiwatar da rairaya macrophage kunnawa dalilai, da kuma ci gaban abubuwan, interferons, kazalika da B Kwayoyin. Iya zama ruwan dare da kuma inductor T Kwayoyin cewa shiga a cikin ruri daga antibody samuwar. A cikin misali na sakamakon daban-daban Categories lymphocytes fili ya nuna dangantakar abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki na jini.

Amma ga 0-Kwayoyin, su ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga wasu, saboda ba su da surface antigens. Wasu daga cikin wadannan jini Kwayoyin yi aiki a matsayin "halitta kisa" ya hallaka wadanda Kwayoyin cewa suna da tsarin cancerous ko kamuwa da cutar da.

jini jini

A abun da ke ciki na ruwa (90-90%) da kuma jini jini shiga daskararru :. Sunadaran, fats, glucose, daban-daban salts, metabolites, bitamin, hormones, da dai sauransu Daya daga cikin key Properties na wani jini osmotic matsa lamba. Har ila yau, da jini daukawa gina jiki, da maikacin jini , da rayuwa kayayyakin. By nazarin tsarin da kuma aiki na jini jini, ana iya gani cewa shi hidima a matsayin wata mahada tsakanin ruwaye da suke waje da jini.

Jini ne har abada a lamba tare da kodan, hanta da kuma sauran gabobin, game da shi, rike homeostasis - uri na ciki yanayi.

Physico-sinadaran Properties na jini

Karatu a topic kamar abun da ke ciki, Properties, kuma ayyuka na jini, shi wajibi ne don kula da wasu abubuwa. A jini girma a adult Mutane a kan talakawan daidai 6-8% na nauyin jikinsa. A maza, wannan adadi ya kai 5-6 lita, mata - daga 4 zuwa 5. Shi ne da adadin jini kowace rana ya wuce ta zuciya na daya dubu sau .. Yana da daraja da sanin cewa jini ba ya cika da jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin gaba daya, da yawa daga ta zauna ita free. Da yawa daga jini ya dogara da yawan erythrocytes kuma shi ne game da 1,050-1,060 g / cm ^3. A danko kai 5 sabani raka'a.

The aiki dauki na jini sa da rabo daga hydroxyl da hydrogen ions. Yana ma'anar da ayyukan wannan PH, kamar yadda PH (hydrogen ion maida hankali). Canje-canje a cikin jini PH, a da jiki iya aiki dabam a cikin kewayon 7.0-7.8. Idan aiki jini dauki an canja zuwa acid gefe, irin wannan jiha iya bayyana a matsayin acidosis. Its ci gaba ne saboda ya karu matakan hydrogen ions. Idan dauki an canja zuwa alkaline gefe, shi ya sa hankali don magana game da alkalosis. Wannan canji a PH ne saboda abin da rage taro na hydrogen ions, da kuma kara da taro na hydroxyl ions OH.

Transport aiki na jini

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin key ayyuka yi da jini. By aiwatar da jigilar daban-daban abubuwa iya hada wadannan ayyuka:

- trophic-canja wurin duk sassa na jiki na gina jiki, gano abubuwa da kuma bitamin.

- tsara: da harkokin sufuri na hormones da kuma sauran abubuwa da shiga jiki ta humoral tsari tsarin.

- numfashi: numfashi gas kai O2 da CO2 daga cikin huhu zuwa tsokoki da kuma a gaban shugabanci.

- thermoregulatory: cire wuce haddi da zafi daga kwakwalwa da kuma kayan ciki da fata.

- excretory: na rayuwa kayayyakin suna hawa zuwa gabobin da tukar tumbi.

hemostasis

Jigon da aikin rage zuwa da wadannan tsari: a yanayin saukan matsakaici ko lafiya da lalacewar da jini jirgin ruwa (ko da daraja a lokacin da ya matse nama) da kuma abin da ya faru na waje ko ciki na jini a wuri halakar da jirgin ruwa da aka kafa jini gudan jini. Shi ya hana gagarumin jini hasãra. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar m jijiyar da kuma sunadarai lumen na jirgin ruwa da aka rage. Idan haka ya faru da cewa endothelial rufi na jini jirgin ruwa da aka lalace a ƙasa da endothelium aka fallasa collagen. Yana da sauri tsaya ga platelets, wanda kewaya a cikin jini.

Homeostatic da m ayyuka

By karatu jini, abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki, a kula da aiwatar da homeostasis. Jigon shi ne rage a adana ruwa-gishiri balance da ion (a sakamakon osmotic matsa lamba), da kuma rike da PH na ciki yanayi.

Game da m aiki, ta ainihi shi ne don kare kwayoyin da rigakafi antibodies, phagocytic aiki na leukocytes da antibacterial abubuwa.

jini tsarin

By da jijiyoyi sun hada da zuciya da jini: na jini da kuma Lymph. A key aiki na jini tsarin - shi ne dace da cikakken samar da gabobin da kyallen takarda da dukan zama dole abubuwa ga rayuwa. motsi na jini ta hanyar jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin aka bayar da zuciya yin famfo aiki. Delving cikin topic: "The darajar da abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki na jini" wajibi ne a ayyana cewa jini kai tsaye kanta motsa ci gaba ta hanyar tasoshin da haka ne iya goyon bayan duk da harshen damo, wanda aka tattauna a sama (kai, kariya, da dai sauransu ..).

A key jiki a cikin jini tsarin ne zuciya. Yana yana da wani tsarin da m murdede sashin jiki da kuma ta tsaye m ganuwar ne zuwa kashi hagu da dama halves. Akwai wani bangare - a kwance. Its aiki an rage wa benen (atria) na zuciya da rabo da 2 da 2 ƙananan (ventricles).

By nazarin tsarin da kuma aiki na jinin mutum, yana da muhimmanci a fahimta da manufa na wurare dabam dabam da'irori. A cikin jini tsarin, akwai biyu zirga-zirga da'irar, ƙanana da manyan. Wannan yana nufin cewa jini a cikin jiki motsa a biyu rufaffiyar jirgin ruwa tsarin cewa suna da alaka da zuciya.

A matsayin masomin mai girma a da'irar tsaye lakã tsawaita daga hagu ventricle. Wannan shi ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa kananan, matsakaici da kuma manyan jijiyoyi. Su (arteries), bi da bi, reshe cikin arterioles, capillaries ƙare. Kai tsaye zuwa capillaries kansu samar da sararin cibiyar sadarwa da cewa permeates duk tsokoki da kuma gabobin. An a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa na faruwa dawo gina jiki da kuma oxygen zuwa Kwayoyin, kazalika da aiwatar da samar da rayuwa kayayyakin (carbon dioxide da).

Daga cikin ƙananan ɓangare na akwati jini shiga na baya vena cava, daga saman, bi da bi, a saman. Wadannan biyu vena cava da cikakken tsari wurare dabam dabam, da samun a cikin dama atrium.

Magana game da na huhu wurare dabam dabam, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ya fara da na huhu akwati, yana tsawaita daga dama ventricle da huhu da kuma dauke da venous jini. Sam na huhu akwati raba zuwa biyu rassan da cewa zuwa dama da hagu huhu. A na huhu arteries kasu kashi karami arterioles da capillaries, venules wucewa baya kafa jannayẽnsa. A key kalubale na huhu wurare dabam dabam ne don tabbatar da farfadowa gas abun da ke ciki a cikin huhu.

Karatu da abun da ke ciki na jini da kuma jini aiki, yana da sauki a kammala da cewa shi yana da muhimmanci ga nama da kuma kayan ciki. Saboda haka, a cikin hali na mai tsanani jini asara ko illa garesu jini ya kwarara akwai wani real barazana ga rayuwar dan Adam.