A abin jihar karafa ne mafi amenable to bisa ƙirƙira? Wanne karfe ne mafi alhẽri ga amfani a Forging

Metal Forging tsari ya shafi aiki daga karfe workpieces don goya ake so bayyanar a lokacin canji da size da kuma siffar. Wadanda kayayyakin da ake samar a cikin shakka daga jiyya, ya kira sunã ƙirƙirãwa. A daidai wannan lokaci, domin ya sami high quality-Semi-ƙãre samfurin, shi wajibi ne su san a abin jihar karafa ne mafi amenable to bisa ƙirƙira abin da abu ne mafi dace a wani batu, da dai sauransu

Daga cikin babban karafa wanda aka fi dace wa ƙirƙirãwa, daya ya kamata ambaci: daraja karafa, da baƙin ƙarfe, da gubar, karfe, tagulla, da na tagulla. Amma sau da yawa amfani kawai da uku main. Ƙirƙira - wani taron, a cikin abin da magani abu ta hanyar sunã ƙirƙirãwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan zamanin saboda mun gwada low matakin na yawan aiki na manual samarwa aka ƙara motsi zuwa factory (conveyer). Yanzu, maimakon shagunan ne ƙara na kowa maƙeri ta shop, sanye take da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa guduma. Amma ga handicrafts, amma yanzu shi ne koma ga kawai domin samar da yanki dukiya ko m sunã ƙirƙirãwa.

labarin

Blacksmithing iya amince a kira na biyu a cikin jerin tsoho da sana'o'i. Da zarar 'yan adam ya sami wani jinsin amfani na baƙin ƙarfe kayayyakin zuwa dutse, nan da nan ya fara aiki ci gaban blacksmithing. Daga a tarihi mai nisa, da ƙirƙira sun sau da yawa a kan karkata wani shiri saboda da cewa shi ne a wani wuri na high wuta hadarin. A zamanin da ake bukata sifa irin wannan bitar suka Jawo abun hura da wani kaho (Roaster), wanda aka tsara domin kawo karfe da ake bukata zazzabi. Fuel amfani da itace, ko da kwal. Babban kayayyakin amfani: kurfi, maƙera, guduma, filaya, fayil, ƙusa da sanding dutse.

Maƙera a Rasha

Kamar yadda na Rasha, shi ne kusan zuwa XIX karfe ƙirƙirãwa fasaha ya kasance akai, kuma wannan duk da cewa da maƙera na wancan lokacin sun a irin wannan babban matakin da cewa ba matsala iya ko yin Watches, ba a ma maganar da wuka da sauransu. A wuri na musamman aka shagaltar da ta samar da duk wani nau'i na kwa'di tare da daban-daban inji na sirri, da kuma kau da sani da karfe ne mafi alhẽri ga amfani a sunã ƙirƙirãwa.

Bukatun ga Smith

Abin baƙin ciki, ko watakila sa'a, amma real master maƙeri iya zama nisa ba kowa da kowa. 'Yan san abin jihar karafa ne mafi amenable to bisa ƙirƙira, wanda kayan aiki dole ne a yi amfani a lokaci guda. Smith dole ne mai ƙarfi, suna da kyau jiki da hankulansu kiwon lafiya, to ka mai da hankali ga samun mai kyau kwatanci.

iri, bisa ƙirƙira

Dangane da ko da Forging lokacin da fallasa su high zazzabi ko a cikin rashi daga gare ta, da tsari za a iya raba iri biyu - da sanyi da kuma zafi.

Game da karshen, a cikin wannan yanayin yana nufin cewa da karfe amfani ga Forging, za a kawo wa bukata jihar kai tsaye a cikin gagarumar wuta. Bukatarsa ce da cewa kowane abu yana da zazzabi, dangane da mutum sinadaran da jiki Properties.

Cold Forging, fara daga sunanta, ba ya nufin dumama, kuma aka sarrafa da taimako na musamman kayan aiki. Ba zato ba tsammani, a lokacin da kayan na bukatar a stamping, a cikin wannan harka shi ne sanya shi a cikin wani na musamman stamping kayan aiki, wanda ya takaita da size da ake so, bayan da matsa karfe yakan mallaki wani siffar da rami a cikin abin da aka sanya. Wannan hanya da aka sau da yawa amfani kawai a cikin taro, taro samar.

Nau'in aiki hanya

Nau'in Forging aka yi dangane da karfe magani Hanyar: Critz crimping, waldi vulgaris. A karshen, bi da bi, yakan haifar da wani hatimi abu da kuma bada shi da ake so siffar. A lokacin waldi yi splicing fakiti wanda ya kunshi raba sassa cewa an kona su da ake so zazzabi. Tare da girmamawa ga swage Critz, cewa tare da wannan Hanyar auku tare da m sealing da waldi daga cikin barbashi don ya saki kai tsaye daga slag Kritsa (taro na baƙin ƙarfe, da irin wannan a cikin bayyanar da kullu).

Forging iya zama manual ko atomatik. Na farko shi ne sharadi da jerin m ayyukan ta wajen wani guduma, sledge guduma ko wasu kayan aikin. Da farko, da preform samar precipitate, cire, sokin, sabon, lankwasawa, waldi da kuma karewa.

A cikin hali na sarrafa kansa Forging, yi duk wannan aiki, amma a maimakon manual aiki amfani da musamman kayan aiki.

Metal Forging

A blacksmithing Masters wani lokacin da za a magance daban-daban karafa da su gami. M, a size ga preform iya bukatar daban-daban yanayin zafi, kuma ta haka ne daban-daban yawa na man fetur.

Mene ne thermal watsin na karfe? Wannan kudi na dumama workpiece game da ta giciye sashe. Za ka iya zana da wadannan ƙarshe: ƙananan ta thermal watsin, da hakan hadarin samu karaya. Saboda haka, thermal watsin da aka kai tsaye alaka makaman amfani.

Kai tsaye amfani da Forging aikin da ake kira "malleable" karafa, a cikin wasu kalmomi, roba gami, msl, da baƙin ƙarfe, da carbon, dangane da yawa na da abun ciki, an rarrabe su: high-carbon (0.6-2%), matsakaici (0.25-0.6 %), low carbon (0.25%).

karfe

Game da tsarin, da karfe kamar granular-crystal jiki, wanda yake shi ne wasu hatsi. Saboda da kaddarorin, shi ne manufa abu ga maƙeri. A wannan yanayin, idan carbon ciki bai wuce 0.1%, da karfe zama quite taushi da kuma dadi to Weld ba tare da ƙarin tempering, a yi shi ne kawai ake kira - baƙin ƙarfe.

Idan carbon abun ciki da aka ajiye a yankin na 0.1-0.3%, wannan wani abu ne ya cika dukan bukatun da ya dace inda dole m sunã ƙirƙirãwa. Da karafa a yi amfani da wannan yanayin na iya zama da sauran kawai impurities a cikinta ya zama kasa da 1%. Suna da ake kira ornamental.

carbon karfe

Wannan karfe wanda ya ƙunshi ba fiye da 1.7% carbon, carbon da ake kira duk da cewa wannan abu ne wajen rikitarwa ga manual Forging, shi ne daidai dace don sarrafa kansa.

Game da Gost 380-71, ga m Forging karfe yana da wani alama na 0 to 8. denoted abu haka: St0 da St1, da dai sauransu Wannan lambar wanda shi ne bayan da haruffa nuna yawan abun ciki na carbon a hundredths. Amsa tambaya "abin jihar karafa ne mafi amenable to bisa ƙirƙira" Dole ne a fahimci cewa kusa da darajar ne sifili, da softer abu. Alal misali St10 ƙunshi 0,10% carbon. Next ne a tebur wanda za a iya ganin haka a fili a cikin abin da jiha karafa ne mafi amenable to bisa ƙirƙira, daidaici da zazzabi farko da na karshe hanya.

Saboda haka, duk wani gwani zai iya sauri lissafi da ake buƙata zazzabi game da wani musamman kayan, da kuma, correspondingly, da ake bukata adadin makãmashin lighting, kuma ta dace da karfe domin sunã ƙirƙirãwa. Blacksmithing - shi ne a daidai tsari, duk da bayyana rudeness maƙera. A duniya ta yau yana da ire-iren su da art da kuma samun gaske mai kyau master tare da karin hadaddun a kowace shekara.