Rasha motocin: motoci da manyan motoci, manufa ta musamman. A Rasha mota masana'antu

Idan muka magana game da m mota masana'antu, abu na farko da cewa ta zo hankali - da model na Volga Automobile Shuka. A mafi recognizable motoci na mu lokaci ne na AvtoVAZ Lada Kalina. Yana samuwa ne duka biyu don fitarwa da kuma ga kasuwannin gida. Bambanci tsakanin wadannan gyare-gyare nauyi, don haka kwatanta su sa hankalta. A fasaha sharuddan, da mota yana da kyau yi, idan kawai saboda cewa an tsara don m hanya, da kuma cewa ke ce mai yawa.

A ci gaba da Rasha mota masana'antu, wanda a Soviet sau, ya zama shahararren godiya ga wadannan motoci: "Moskvich" da "Lada", ya fara a cikin XIX karni. Kafin fitowan na Union of jamhuriyoyin sau da dama da masana'antu ya miƙe tsaye da kuma fadi a lokaci daya, da kuma kawai ta 1960 ya warkar rayuwa ga cikakken - taro motorization da aka kaddamar. Daga cikin rikicin, wanda ya bi nan da nan bayan da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, tare da wahala ba, amma da Rasha mota masana'antu ya samu fitar. Kuma yanzu, daya daga cikin mafi girma a masana'antun, da suka nuna duniya da mota Lada Kalina, - shi ne brainchild na AvtoVAZ. Ko da yake a Rasha suna ƙara samu a waje mota, kowane biyu mota ne wani misali na cikin gida da samar. Yana nuna kishin kasa da kuma soyayya na yawan for mahaifarsa, kazalika da irin yadda mai rahusa vazovskaya motoci a kwatanta da kasashen waje wadanda. More tarihi za a iya karanta a kasa.

Rasha mota masana'antu har 1917

A farko Rasha motoci fara bayyana a 1896. Shi ne daga lokacin suka fara samar da m auto masana'antu. A farko model yana konewa engine kuma ya bayyana a cikin wannan shekara. A jama'a, shi "wakiltar" Evgeny Yakovlev da Bitrus Frese.

Bayan da irin abubuwan da suka faru a Rasha a can ne na farko da kamfanoni cewa wakilci Rasha mota masana'antu a lokacin. Duk da haka, duka daga gare su, jimawa canza su aiki. By 1912, "ninkaya" akwai kawai biyu aiki kamfanoni. Muna magana ne game da Rasha-Baltic wagon factory da shuka Puzyreva. A farko da aka located in Riga, na biyu - a St. Petersburg. RBVZ yana da damar sakin 'farko misali na kai, a 1909,, yayin da RAZIPP fara aiki a 1911. Bayan shekaru hudu, a karo na biyu shuka da aka kone, da kuma bayan wani gajeren lokaci da kuma ta kafa mutu. RBVZ saboda tashin gabatowa Riga kasu kashi da yawa rassan: daya aka located in St. Petersburg (a nan aka shirya taro na jirgin sama), na biyu - a Tver.

A Rasha mota masana'antu suka fara samar a wani m kudi saboda barkewar yakin duniya na farko. Kuma duk godiya ga cewa ya ƙwarai karu da bukatar ƙarin kayan aiki. The gwamnatin bayar da umarni a kan kafa shida shuke-shuke. Ga su yi an kasaftawa game da miliyan 11. Rubles. Kamar yadda lissafin da total samar da hukuma shi ne ya zama 10 dubu. Units a shekara. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren kare sosai takaici. Bayan da 1917 da juyin juya halin da kuma m kumbura, auka daga cikin kai tsarin a Rasha, da shiri na shuke-shuke da aka ba a gama ba. Daga qarshe jihar yana daya kawai na'ura mai, tare da wanda converges haske da nauyi kayan aiki. Ga 1917 mun kasance iya tattara kusan 500 da motoci a Moscow shuka. Bayan kafa halin da ake ciki hukumomi sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da gina taron maki. Amma kawai biyu na su ƙarshe riƙe su specialization.

Rasha ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet

Rasha motoci muhimmanci canza a lokacin da ya tsaya a cikin tarayyar Soviet. A lokaci na saki truck F-15 Moscow factory aka dauke su farkon batu na ci gaban masana'antu na mota. A kadan daga baya an sake masa suna Amo. Bayan da maimaitawa na shuka fara nuna manyan motoci a karkashin lasisi. A Nizhny Novgorod, wanda aka fi sani da Gorky, to, shi gina Naz. Wannan shuka, yin amfani da wani ƙuduri na Ford na American kamfanin, ya fara samar da manyan motoci da motocin fasinja. By kamfanin iya zama da mutuncin al'ummarta na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma fito da wani mota "Lada" - wata alama ce da wannan State. Tare da karamar mota brands Rasha mota masana'antu da aka saki a Turai a farkon wuri, sai ya ɗauki na biyu wuri a cikin truck category batun a duniya. Kafin farkon rikicin halin da ake ciki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin tsarin na yakin duniya na II fiye da miliyan 1. Kofe aka samar.

Har 70s mota masana'antu cin tafi a wani m taki. A wannan yanayin, mafi yawan Rasha motoci ne mai babbar yawan manyan motoci - cewa su samar aka fĩfĩta.

The yawan fara saya sirri motoci a wannan lokaci, kamar yadda Italiya ta yanke shawarar gina a kan ƙasa na kungiyar tarayyar na wha. A shuka sarrafa a wani fairly m taki. Asalinsu samar da shekara 660 da dubu. Kofe, sa'an nan, kusa da 80 ga watan shekara, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 730 dubu. Kuma, ba shakka, da mota "Zhiguli" da ke cikin zaki ya share index. Tare da shi aka yi kuma "Field". Daya shuka ne na farko daya a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet bayar wani abinda Fe.

A shekara ta 1969, da gina KAMAZ, shi ne kammala ta 1976. Yana da aka fara, shi ya yarda fassara da yawa Soviet motocin dizal ikon sunadaran. A karkashin shirin, ma'aikata samar 150 dubu. Motoci da 250 da dubu. Units a kowace shekara.

Godiya ga mai kyau goyon baya daga gwamnatin da kuma kokari na duk shuke-shuke, ta 1980 Tarayyar Soviet sun shagaltar da duniya:

• A farko wuri domin samar da motocin.
• Na uku wuri domin samar da manyan motoci.
• Biyar wuri a cikin sauran samar. Ga Rasha motoci ba hanya zuwa Japan, American, Jamus da kuma Faransa da takwarorinsu.

Kuma ko da da rikicin, da Rasha, da mota masana'antu ci gaba da yardar mai gida mai saye gaba ɗaya sabon iri na mota. A wancan lokaci, samar da ya daina girma a size, akwai wani karancin kayayyakin gyara. Shugabanci na Tarayyar Soviet a hankali tafi da Fade. Amma shi ne daidai a cikin wannan lokaci da duniya gan irin wannan "madawwami" model a matsayin mota "Moskvich", "Sputnik", "Oka", "Tavria" da kuma wasu manyan motoci.

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, da rabo daga Rasha mota masana'antu, Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci tafi zuwa ga hanyoyi.

Modern Rasha auto masana'antu

A rikicin da cewa ya sauko bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, na 1992, kusan tsaya da aiki na duk Rasha mota masana'antu. Sun rage samar da kudaden, da yawan motoci da harhada. Ko da wanda suka ƙãga cheap kofe a cost, dakatar da ayyukan. Wannan shi ne saboda suna da wani mummunan tattalin arziki da kudi matsaloli. Za mu iya cewa irin wannan ci hari kan jihar kawai gaske karfi Rasha automakers - lokaci-jarraba. Muna magana ne game da wha, gas da kuma shuka Likhachev. Su fito da wani gaske almara mota - "Lada", "Volga", "Bychkov." Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan jerin rikicin da aka samu nasarar shawo kan. Ko da yake ragewar darajar kuɗi da ruble a 1998, muhimmanci buga da kera.

Riga ta 2002, kasar ne a cikin cikakken lilo taro na waje model. A wannan lokaci a jihar bude fiye da dozin waje rassan. Daga cikin motoci kashi ya 40%. shirya cigaban miliyan 1. harkokin waje guda a kowace shekara aka gane a 2010.

Yanzu da Rasha Federation ne a jerin saman 15 masana'antun a duniya. A kan ƙasa na jihar ne ya bude fiye da 50 mota shuke-shuke.

A mafi m mota

Idan muka yi la'akari da gaske mafi kyau mota kerarre a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shi wajibi ne don dakatar da su da hankali ne a kan gaskiyar cewa sabis samu index "M-20". Gaskiya, shi ne "nasara". Yana da aka kerarre a Gorky shuka daga shekarar 1946 zuwa shekarar 1958. game da 240 da dubu. kofe aka saki kafin tsayawa samar.

Motar da mai girma siffar, da kuma cewa janyo hankalin mai saye. Ya kamata a lura da wani babban permeability, mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali. A iyakar gudu ne dan kadan fi alamar 100 km / h. Yana da irin wannan mota da aka bukata Soviet wadanda suka tsira daga yakin. Babban drawback na inji, da yawa kira shi da engine. Lalle ne, model "M-20" An sosai m, amma m, a cikin aikin shirya na da ikon naúrar. Ko da yake ya bambanta da aka tsawon rai, amma, frankly, Na yi wajen raunana wannan irin na'ura.

A mafi tsada Rasha motoci a Soviet sau

Ya kamata a lura ZIS-110, wadda ta fito a aji na zartarwa motoci. Its samar aka fara a cikin shekara karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Kuma a shekarar 1958 ya aka maye gurbinsu da wani mota na wannan jerin. Lokacin da shuka da aka mai suna bayan Likhachev, da sunan da ya canja wani bit - ZIL-110. Total samar lokaci saki kadan fiye da 2 da dubu. Kofe na duk cikin majalisai.

Soviet mai saye ko da yaushe lura da ladabi na abin hawa, kazalika da kyau na jiki. Saka engine cylinders da 8 ya yi aiki da 4 hawan keke. Its iya aiki ne 180 horsepower.

Wannan mota za a iya sa a layi tare da "nasara". Bambanci tsakanin su ne kawai cewa "M-20" shi ne mafi dace tsakiyar aji-yawan saboda farashin da manufofin da aka bayyana a - mafi girma.

Rasha safest mota

A sabon "UAZ Bakan'ane" (ko UAZ-3163) amincewa da yake riƙe da manyan matsayi daga cikin mafi m Rasha motoci. SUV yana da dukan zama dole zažužžukan, fasali da kuma halaye da ake bukata don tafiya a kan Rasha hanyoyi. Motar na da biyar ƙõfõfi, kazalika da wani karin matakin da yalwarta a cikin kaya daki da fasinja. "Bakan'ane" ne cikakke ga tuki a yankunan karkara, wanda sun kara zuwa da shi ƙarin abũbuwan amfãni a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da sauran SUVs na cikin gida da samar. A jerin aka samar tun 2005 Ulyanovsk shuka. Bugu da kari ga m fasaha halaye, shi yana da matukar ban sha'awa da kuma bayyanar janyo hankalin tsanani mutane, kamar yadda ya yi a minimalism.

M Rasha mota

Wani mazaunin na Rasha zuwa bikin a wannan category na mota vazovskaya samar. Hakika, muna magana ne game da wani mota "Lada", wanda aka fi sani a karkashin sunan "dinari". Ba abin mamaki, domin bayan wannan dogon lokaci tun bayan da aka saki, shi har yanzu yana tafiya zuwa Rasha hanyoyi. Kowane uku mota a Rasha - cewa "Zhiguli". Shi ne ya cancanci a duba.

A mafi kyau mota

"The tsuntsun seagull" ne xari bisa dari lashe wannan category cikin dukan m motoci. Yana da aka kerarre a Gorky shuka. Kuma ta gangara a tarihi a matsayin daya na'ura da cewa jami'an sau da yawa ziyarci. Su suna janyo hankalin da kyau da kuma na ado bayyanar.

Mafi Rasha mota

"Lada Priora", a cikin ra'ayi na da yawa masu motoci, da mafi kyau. Musamman shi ne dole in nema a zamani mai saye wanda ba kori ma sabon da kuma dukiyoyi lokutta. Wannan tsari yana da wani ikon tuƙi, mãdalla da dakatar da kwandishan.

tattali mota

Kamar yadda wani tattalin arzikin mota "Oka" za a iya lura. Products Vaz ko da yaushe kasance a low-cost kudin, amma wannan model ya kasance mafi m. Haka kuma, shi yana da ban sha'awa halaye kamar yadda for jiha.

"KamAZ": dumper

Ba mamaki, da "KAMAZ" - daya daga cikin mafi kyau kera a Rasha, idan mun yi magana game da manyan motoci. Suna amfani da kusan dukkan sassa: m, na birni, da ginin. A 2010, cikin jerin aka sake sanye take da sabon gida, wanda ya sãɓã, karin saukaka. "KamAZ" series (juji) ban sha'awa. Kowane model na da idiosyncrasies. The m farashin daya daga wadannan motoci overall ne 170 dubu. Rubles. Cars suna da kyau kewayawa yankuna da misali hanyar, amma ba su jimre da tuki a kan hanya.

ZIL wuta

Motocin kashe gobara za su lalle kullum da ake bukata. Dole ne su yi girma dalla-dalla. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin iri na motocin a cikin abin da waje data ne gaba daya m. Na dogon lokaci motoci da aka samar domin da Tarayyar Soviet ga wuta tashoshin Likhachev shuka. A tsawon lokaci, sun sun inganta a duk fannoni. ZIL wuta ne mafi kyau misali ga Tarayyar Soviet.