Misalai na adabi: da mutum kai-da ilimi

Our duniya ta wanzu ga miliyoyin shekaru. A wannan lokaci, da yawa ya canza a shi, amma akwai wani abu har abada, shi ko da yaushe ya kasance. Za a haife wani sabon mutane, wanda za a gudanar a cikin hadaddun hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Su za su warware matsalolin, shawo kan matsalolin, to ku yi jihãdi ga kyau. Ba tare da kai-ci gaban mutumin ba zai iya zama da gaske na fasaha rai mai. Ruhaniya ci bukatar magance duk rayuwarsa, da suka fara da makarantar firamare shekaru, da kuma samun taimako daga heroes of wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

Muhimmancin kai

Mutane suna ko da yaushe neman hanyoyin da za a inganta kansa. A dukan zamanai, wannan matsala da aka ba musamman muhimmancin.

A wannan zamani na fasahar kwamfuta, a lokacin da yana da wuya a gane dabi'u, matsalar na kai-ci gaba ne musamman m. Muhimmanci a sami wani mutum a cikin rayuwar wani wuri su yi tsayayya korau tsoma, don gane nasu kyawawan dabi'u.

Kamar yadda jama'a hikima, "Ka rayuwa - da kuma koyi," aiki a kan zai yiwu cikin ransa. Godiya ga kai-da ilimi zai iya samar da irin wannan sirri halaye kamar ƙarfin hali, hakuri, yarda da kai, juriya.

Aikace-aikace na kai-da ilimi

Bari mu bincika misalai daga wallafe-wallafe. Kai-da ilimi da aka ambata a cikin littafin A. I. Kochetova "Ilmantar da kanka". Yana yayi Magana game da yadda za ka iya samun naka manufa, to, ku jarraba su ikon kawar da shortcomings, koyi yin aiki a kan kanka. Author for shekara ashirin da biyar karatu wannan matsala, ɓullo nasa ka'idar. A sakamakon haka, ya gano manufar, hanyoyin, dabaru, kai aiki, sanya shawarwari domin ci gaban jawabin, memory, da hankali, da tunanin.

Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa kai-da ilimi farfesa AG Kovalev. Aikinsa "The mutum ya zo da kansa" ya gaya masu karatu game da hanyoyin da kai-da ilimi. Domin malaman da aka halitta littafin "Organization of kai-da ilimi dalibai," shigar da cikakken izni ga aiki a OS. A babban misali na kai-da ilimi game da wallafe-wallafen - littafin Dale Carnegie "Yadda Win da Abokai tasiri mutane." A nan za ka sami m shawara, real taimako na lashe girmamawa da kuma soyayya da abokai da iyali. A halin yanzu, mutane da yawa Psychologists, marubuta, malamai tafiyad da batun na kai-da ilimi.

"Yaki da zaman lafiya" a namo

Kai-da ilimi a cikin gargajiya adabi - a saba sabon abu. Alal misali, a cikin aikin na L. N. Tolstogo "yaki da zaman lafiya" ya nuna yadda wani tsarin ta mallaka dabi'u a cikin babban harafin - Natashi Rostovoy. Marubucin ya nuna kamar ta misali, cewa za ka iya ko da yaushe samun wata hanya ta canza, don zama m, da alheri, fasaha. Natasha, sanin mutane daban-daban, kokarin samun su hanya a rayuwa, to ara wasu halaye a wasu, wani abu da ya} alubalanci, daga daina wani abu. Ta wallafe-wallafen image zama model na wani tsarin na dabi'u, wanda masu karatu za su iya yarda da ko kãfirta.

Folk epics da tãtsũniyõyin kai-cin

A babban misali na kai-fiction - Rasha jama'a tãtsũniyõyin da Legends. Su protagonists ayan kai-raya, kokarin canza kanka ga mafi alhẽri. Tatsuniyoyi, da kyau ko da yaushe nasara ne a kan mugunta ba, yana nuna muhimmancin bunkasa a wadannan halaye: kirki, da tausayi, gaskiya, mutunci. Kishin kasa Heroes na epics - babban misali ga ilimi na ƙaramin tsara.

Aikin model

Sauran misalai na kai-da ilimi a cikin gargajiya adabi wakilci a makaranta manhaja. Misali domin yaron ya so kansa ta hanyar karanta samfurin, yin shi a ingantaccen bincike. Duk da cewa a yau ta yara ana biyan kasa da hankali ga karatu da kuma adabi darussa unsa bincike na gargajiya Rasha ayyukansu. Shi ne a cikin wannan tsari a cikin makaranta kafa nasu hali zuwa babban haruffa, su na sirri halaye, mai so a yi koyi da su da halayensu. A koyarwa, akwai wani lokaci, kamar "horo misalai." Daya daga cikin mawallafa wani Yaren mutanen Poland malami Jan Kamensky. Ya da'awar cewa shi ya na gargajiya ayyukansu sun mai real taska, wadda za a iya amfani da shi don kai-kyautata.

Dostoevsky da kuma kai-cin

Specific misalai daga wallafe-wallafe. Kai-da ilimi - a topic cewa za a iya gani a cikin ayyukan Dostoevsky. A protagonist na "Laifuka da azãba", Raskolnikov ji gaskiya tuba ga abin da suka aikata irin wannan mummunan laifi. Cikin dukanin labari ya ke neman da ƙarfi ga canji, don inganta. Wannan Raskolnikov, wanda ya bayyana a gaban masu karatu a cikin epilogue - wani mabanbanta mutum, da wani sabon tsarin na dabi'u. Akwai sauran misalai daga adabi, kai-ilimi, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin larura. Kamar yadda irin wannan misali za a iya ambata da samfurin A. S. Pushkina "Captain ya".

Littafi adabi

Ka yi la'akari da wannan tambaya shi ne kai-da ilimi. A adabi misalai na heroes wanda aka neman su hanyarsa ta rayuwa, shi ne ba kawai litattafansu. Modern mawallafa ba kauce wa matsalar na ci gaban dan'adam, a cikin ƙoƙari na bayyana wa mai karatu yadda za a shawo kan mugunta. A cikin kasada littattafai, misali, A. Marinin yana biya da hankali da kuma kai-kyautata su heroes.

Misalai daga adabi, kai-da ilimi na haruffa da cewa za a iya gani a cikin labarin line, a kunshe a cikin makaranta manhaja: "The shan kashi," "yaki da zaman lafiya", "Laifuka da azãba", "barci Golden Cloud". Wadannan ayyukan da aka rubuta a daban-daban sau, amma shi ba a rasa munasaba da al'amurran da suka shafi jawabi a wadannan karatu. A dukan zamanai kai-da ilimi a wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu sananne. Ko da tsoho da masana falsafa da biya da hankali ga irin wannan matsaloli. Sun lura da muhimmancin da mai hikima ya rene, wanda ya kamata da ya misali, ya dokoki na rayuwa ya zama wani misali na ƙaramin tsara. A yanzu lokaci, da rashin alheri, rasa girmama dattawa, matasa da karin amincewa a World Wide Web fiye da iyayensu. Sukan yi kokarin su kwaikwayi protagonists rumfa caca, maimakon haruffan da classic Rasha ayyukan Tolstoy, Pushkin, Lermontov.

Musamman na firamare shekaru

A wannan shekara, yara ba su iya zaman kanta zabi, sun ayan zama dogara, saboda haka kana bukatar ka zabi da wallafe-wallafen kafofin. K. D. Ushinsky lura cewa, "wanda ya yi koyi, ya ba ku yi ɗã'ã, kuma Yãna halitta abin da ya ke so." Don da fore a wannan lokacin fita ne kwaikwayo. Idan da malamai da kuma iyaye za su iya samun da "dama" da hali, fara kai-da ilimi. Misalai daga adabi don taimaka bayyana ga yaro da dokokin hali a cikin al'umma, nuna muhimmancin aiki a kan kunya. Jean-Pol Sartr (French Falsafa) ya ce cewa "mutum shi ne abin da ya aikata." Halin kirki namo an gaggawa matsala a duk tarihi lokaci.

C. Lions kawo da kansa dabara na kai-da ilimi, aiki, kuma a wannan lokacin. Idan muka yi la'akari da wani topic kamar kai-da ilimi, da misalai a cikin adabi za a iya samu a cikin manyan lambobi. Ancient Greek orator Demosthenes, wanda ya zama wani maraya, da aka disinherited, yana da taushi da murya, lisping, ya m, m ayyuka. Amma ya ya iya shawo kan duk kāsawarsa, zama m siyasa orator. Wannan misali ya nuna cewa mutum ne iya tasiri nasu kaddara, to adawa rai yanayi, aiki a kansa ba.

Ginshikai na kai-Lva Tolstogo

Bayan haihuwar wani mutum yakan mallaki wasu halaye: da halaye, hali, halayya da basira, to, a can ne samuwar hali. A wannan lokaci, muhimmanci tsari kamar kai-da ilimi. A adabi misalai na kai heroes za a iya samu a duk tsawon lokacin. Rasha kwamandan Alexander Suvorov ya a matalauta kiwon lafiya, suna fadin patrimony, da kuma yadda al'amurra iya la'akari kawai da lakabi na jihar councilor. Amma aiki a kan wani m Sasha juya a cikin mafi girma kwamandan, wanda ya alhakin al'adar girma Rasha. A cikin diary, kuma L. Tolstoy da kansa ya fito da muhimmancin kai-da ilimi a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Misalan da ya ambata su ne da farko wadanda daga cikin marubuci. A cikin matasa, Leo dauki bayanin kula a wani dayare, abin lura ta shortcomings, da tunani game da yadda za a yi aiki a kan kanka. Ya ya iya shawo kan raunin kamar girman kai, lalaci, so ga wasan na cards. A dukan rai na Tolstoy - mai ban mamaki misali na kyawawan ci gaba da kuma kyautata. Ya zama real marubuci-humanist wanda ya yi ĩmãni da wani mutum, ciki ƙarfi damar.

Game da mutum za a iya hukunci da wasu sharudda kamar:

• Balaga da wasu zamantakewa halaye (a nan za a iya dangana mutunci, alhakin, ƙarfi ra'ayi, zamantakewa aiki, individuality).
• A matakin da shafi tunanin mutum cin da damar don sarrafa da ayyukan da hali.

The abu ga kai-

A wannan lokaci shi ya tara isasshen bayani a gudanar da wani kai-da ilimi. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, misalai ne sauki sami, kawai bude littattafan Rasha litattafansu. Psychologists an gamsu da cewa shi ne a farkon yara ya kamata a sanar da su kai-gaban yara. New tarayya ilimi nagartacce, gabatar a Rasha makarantu, unsa kai-da ilimi. A adabi misalai, dace makaranta, to samun sauƙi. Bude wani littafi, da ciwon bincika batun line, za ka iya ganin yadda samuwar hali, ta ci gaba da al'amurra a rayuwa canji dangane da halin da ake ciki a wanda ya sami kansa. Farga da muhimmancin da matsala, malamai da masana ilimin tunani na kokarin samun mafi kyau shirin gabatar da kai-da ilimi a wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Misalan haruffa sun zama asowar ga yara aiki a kan kanmu, farkarwa a su da sha'awar zama mafi alhẽri, mafi ban sha'awa, mafi m ga sãshe.

ƙarshe

Kai yana da wani takamaiman tsari. Na farko, wani mutum dole ne a zabi manufar rayuwa, to karba akida, ba da zamantakewa norms na hali. Next, ku shirya domin rayuwa a cikin wani zamani al'umma, aka kafa ta da ikon da na gama lafiya. Psychologists yi imani da cewa saboda kai-ci gaba ne mai muhimmanci da bambance-bambance. Bugu da kari ga Goodies, malamin a aji kamata a yi la'akari da mummunan haruffa, tare da mutane nazarin korau halaye. A cikin littafin "Organization of kai-da ilimi dalibai" AI Kochetov ambaci cewa wani mutum ne saba a ta ciki duniya kullum faruwa a lokacin downturns, rikice-rikice da kuma rikicin. Amma ba tare da wadannan matakai, da yaro yana da wani damar domin kai-raya, inganta da su na sirri halaye. Akwai biyar "dole ne" don taimaka your yaro fara zuwa kai-da ilimi. Misalai daga adabi sanar da su taimaka m, da naciya aiwatar da} asa ta tanadi na malamai, to sa maslahohin sama sirri, a gaskiya, conscientious.