Mene ne manufactory? Yi na jiya da yau

Mene ne manufactory? A classic ji na manufactory - wani nau'i na masana'antu samar, gabanin kafa manyan sikelin-inji masana'antu. Duk da haka, kalmar "manufactory" an multivalued. Ana amfani domin sanin musamman mataki na ci gaba da jari hujja da samar da irin jari hujja da sha'anin. Textiles sau da yawa kira yadi factory kayayyakin, ado da inji. Don koma zuwa daban-daban iri handicraft kamfanoni, masana'antu, musamman yadi da kuma sakar gidansa, kuma sauti da kalmar "yi".

Manufactory - shi ne da farko manual samar. Wannan ne evidenced da Kalmar "yi» (manufactura), kafa da ci biyu Latin kalmomi: "manus" - "hannunka" da "factura" - "ba wajen yin". Manual aiki - daya daga cikin manyan halaye da cewa rarrabe manufactory na masana'antu da kuma nazarinsa, aiki a kan wanda dogara ne a kan samar da inji kuma na'ura mai.

Don kawo tsabta da tambaya "abin da ke cikin manufactory", na farko, ya kamata ka duba a cikin tarihin da ya faru. Its precursors sun tsoho ergasteria (shagunan), na da itinerant m, sana'a shagunan, kuma su da ƙungiyoyi (shagunan). By ƙarshen classic na da guilds, wanda kayyade craftwork, kafa dokoki, rarraba umarni da kuma iko da ingancin kayayyakin, ba dace da hakikanin na zamanin. Don ƙirƙirar mafi fahimtar abin da manufactory, yana da muhimmanci a kula da yanayi na ta faru. Da bukatar manyan sikelin-productions bayyana a lokacin da girma crafts da cinikayya, fitaccen Gwargwadon binciken, a siffar da kasuwar domin taro samar. Kamar wancan ne, da girma bukatar samar da tsada kayayyakin, tsara don biyan bukatar da tsada a cikin tsawon cikakkar sarauta da iko a Faransa (XVII karni.). Major samar, yi, sakamakon yawa a lokacin da ducal kotu, sanya furniture, tapestries, kumar kasko, kayan ado, wasa cards da sauran luxuries.

The sosai farko Turai masana'antu samarwa aka dauke su ain manufactory, kafa a 1710 a cikin castle Albrechtsburg (Meissen). Daga baya, kamfani zuwa tsirar daban-daban handicraft articles sun bayyana a Turai da dama birane.

Mene ne manufactory, mun san da baya a XVII karni a Rasha. Duk da yake akwai breech (fadar) da kuma m shagunan da cewa suna da wasu siffofin na masana'antu. Gagarumin ci gaba na masana'antu da samar aka lura a Peter I. A karshen XVIII - farkon XIX ƙarni Enterprises aka halicce su da irin wannan, mãsu yawa daga abin da ake samu nasarar aiki a yau. Alal misali, Moscow ta mafi tsufa masakar JSC "Trekhgorny manufacturer".

Manufactory - shi ne ba kawai wani mataki a cikin ci gaban zamani masana'antu samar. A ingancin kayayyakin sanya ta sana'a, da ingancin shi ne mafi m zuwa factory samar. Lalle ne invaluable rawar da Manufacturing samarwa a cikin adana m hadisai a Arts and Crafts, domin yi na musamman kayayyakin a cikin yini ne yake aikata Masters hannuwanku.