Marubuci Leonid Maksimovich Leonov: biography, siffofi m da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A cikin al'adun da shi dabaibaye wuri a lokaci daya - Rasha classic marubuci, discoverer a cikin adabi na zaman jama'a da kuma falsafa shugabanci. Wane ne wanda yake? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. Kerawa ne multifaceted da mnogoproblemno. Ya rubuta game da tsarin gurguzu jama'a, ya bayyana ra'ayi a kan wannan, sharply tãyar da matsaloli na mutane, "kasa", shãfe har ma da dama ayyukan, kamar "misãlin mutane".

Brief biography Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. da marubuci ta yarantaka

Haifi Leonid Maximovich Leonov zo a ƙarshen XIX karni - May 19, 1899. A marubuci ya rayu tsawon rai, ya rasu a watan Agusta 8, 1994 at cikin shekaru 95 da shekaru. Leonov aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi.

Ƙananan yara, Leonid da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow. Mahaifinsa - Maxim Leonov (m) ya mawãƙi da kai sanar, memba na "Surikov" m-wallafe-wallafen da'irar. Ya kansa a 'yan qasar na Kaluga lardin, kauye Polukhino.

Maxim Leonovich halitta nasa bugu gidan a Moscow. Abubuwa da aka faruwa da kyau, da ya bude nasa shagon da aka sosai arziki mutum. A fadar sau Maxim Goremyka 17 sau gaban shari'a don yada bar adabi da kuma ƙarshe aka kõre su Arkhangelsk, inda ya zaunar. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1929. Iyãlinsa, sai ya bar birnin Moscow, kuma Leonid Maksimovic kawo ba tare da uba ba. Ya main shawarta ya kakana Leon Leonovich Leonov. Shi ne ya yi shuka cikin soyayya da yaron ga ruhaniya da kuma zamanin da wallafe-wallafe. A cikin shekaru goma da ya sauke karatunsa Leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya birni makaranta. Ya shiga ya yi nazarin a na uku Moscow dakin motsa jiki.

Arkhangelsk

Duk da yake a makaranta, Leonov tafi hutu wa mahaifinta a Arkhangelsk, inda ya kasance editan jaridar "Northern safe." A 1915 ya zo da littafin da ayoyin farko Leonov Leonid Maksimovic. Har ila yau, mahaifin taimake shi ya buga daban-daban makala, art da kuma wasan kwaikwayo reviews. Sun kasance sũ ne da karfi da cewa mahaifinsa bai zama m na samfurori da alƙalami da ɗansa. Haka ne ta zo na farko marubuci ta kwarewa. Da farko waqe da marubuci ya kira "asali samfurin muryoyin, kunna da garaya," sun kasance sun fi mayar da imitative.

A lokacin da ya karatu a dakin motsa jiki Leonid Maksimovich Leonov rubuta labarin "Valin yar tsana", kazalika da hikaya "Sarki da kuma Athos." Leonov sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1918 tare da wata lambar azurfa da kuma nan da nan ya tafi zuwa ga Mala'iku wa mahaifinta. Akwai wani matashi marubuci aiki a cikin wallafe na "Arewa rana", "Northern safe." Akwai kuma kukkulle farko sani da "kasida na arewa" - Shergin marubuci, artist Pisahova. Suka kuwa taimaki bude duniya na saurayi Rasha hadisi, icon Rassi almara, untouched budurwa yanayi.

Sabis a cikin Red Army

A Leonid karatu na wani dan gajeren lokaci cikin University of Moscow, duk ya tsare-tsaren m yakin basasa. Biography of babban marubuci Leonid Leonov ƙunshi data cewa wani saurayi a 1920, aikin shiga Red Army da kuma aiki a Kudancin Front. Training faruwa a harbi School, ya halarci a cikin fadace-fadace, wata yar jarida a gaban, ya yi aiki a soja wallafe. Ya zama sakataren "Red Warrior" edition. Soja alias Leonov - Maxim Laptev, Lapot. Ya demobilized a 1921, kuma ya fara tsanani rubuce.

zama mawallafa

Back a birnin Moscow, Leonid Maksimovich Leonov da fasaha tsunduma a cikin marubucin hali. Da farko ayyukan yaba Maxim Gorky, wanda ya jaddada talanti ɗaya na matasa marubuci, kuma annabta a girma a nan gaba gare shi. Wasu lura a cikin ayyukan Leonova wasu tarayya, tare da Dostoevsky style a kan Gorky tuni cewa Leonov a cikin ayyukan ba da waɗanda "kukan da rauni," ya lura Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, wanda waqe da aka buga a cikin matasa, ya zama tsanani tsunduma a litattafan. Ya labari "Buryga" da aka buga a 1922, mai tarin gajejjeran labaru da aka buga a 1923, bi da labari "The End of kananan mutum" da kuma "Petushihinsky karaya."

The labari "Badgers", "Ɓarawo"

Saboda labari "Badgers" (1924), marubucin Leonid Leonov Maksimovic aka nuna babban yabo a matsayin matasa marubuci. A aikin da aka sadaukar domin tawaye na manoma, wanda aka adawa da gwamnatin Soviet a farkon 20-ies karni na karshe. The asalin baƙauye tawaye marubuci ya gani ba kawai a cikin haramta shi hanyoyin da zamanin ikon da ya wuce kima ragi-appropriation tsarin, amma kuma a cikin tarihi da adãwa da manoma zuwa birane mazauna. Kishi, a kan ƙasa, daga kasancewa catastrophic, wanda infects ƙiyayya da talakawa da mutanen.

Images of mutane, da Nã halitta da idon basira, da haruffan da aka bayyana tare da daidaici da m da kuma falsafa muhimmanci. A labari, marubucin ji juyayi ga aiki mutane, suka rufe gazawan a gaban babban canje-canje a rayuwarsu.

A cikin aikinsa "Barawo" (1927) Leonid Maksimovich Leonov saukar riga matsayin connoisseur na mutum da karatu. Kafin cewa ya ba Zagayawar a cikin ayyukan da wadannan 'yan Shi'ah, da "barawo" ya gaya wa mai karatu game da ban tausayi rabo daga Mitya Vekshina. Tsohon kwamishinan, ya slipped zuwa wani felon, a nan ya} unshi jajircewar da bala'i na da dukan al'umma, cikin wasan kwaikwayo na rai da lamiri. A zamaninmu, muna iya kimanta da samfurin ne real, yanzu mun san yadda za hatsari ikon, wanda tattaki zuwa "lumpen proletariat" da kuma fadi daga saman. "Barawo" da aka saukar a wannan lokaci duk ins da sabani na unflattering arbiters na lokaci.

The ayyukan 30s

The labari "Sot" (1930) ya zama na farko samfurin na Soviet, inda Tsarki ya tabbata aiki heroism na Soviet mutane, aka yaba da gina gurguzanci da canji na kurame a cikin unguwannin masana'antu cibiyoyin. Litattafan "Skutarevsky" da "Road da Teku" da aka nuna a kan m nazari wuya gyara ideas na duniya na haihuwa kawo dukkan, wanda ya yanke shawarar shiga a cikin farfadowa daga lalacewa. Ga shi ne wanda aka nuna a kaifi aji gwagwarmaya ne a cikin wannan mazauninsu. "Road da Teku" da bayyana makomar kwaminisanci - Oganeza, da Falsafa, da shugaba wanda yake ba dukkan kansa domin kare kanka da gina kwaminisanci.

drama

A marigayi 30 ta kuma farkon 40-ies Leonov aiki fiye matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Ya kwaikwaiyo ne a babban bukatar. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "The Wolf", "Polovchanskie gidãjen Aljanna" (1938), "Talakawa Mutane" (1941).

A 'yan kalmomi ina so in ce game da play "Blizzard". Yana bautarka wani wuri na musamman a cikin aikin Leonova kuma shãfe na ban sha'awa facts daga rai na marubuci. A wannan aikin marubucin ya sake ƙirƙirarsu da yanayi na tsoro da mistrust cewa ya kãma kasar a cikin 30s. Munin Blizzard snowstorm hasãra kome a cikin hanyar rai, da damar su yi aiki. A saba iri heroes of cewa lokaci, an canja bayan fitarwa, haure wakilci tabbatacce gwarzo, da ɗan'uwansa, da Soviet darektan - korau.

A farko, da play kafa a wani lardi wasan kwaikwayo. Amma sai aka dakatar da ake zargi "kamar yadda qeta klevetnichestvo Soviet gaskiya." Leonov kakkausar a Politburo, marubucin ji tsõron ya za a kama. Gyara da samfurin kawai a shekarar 1962.

War. A postwar shekaru

A lokacin yakin, Leonid Maximovich aka kwashe tare da wasu marubuta a Chistopol. Akai-akai kamar yadda wakilinmu ya yi tattaki zuwa gaban. Ya yi aiki a cikin "News" da "gaskiya." Ayyukansa "Mamayen" sa'an nan "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), Yana nuna feat na mutane a cikin gwagwarmaya da farkisanci, da baƙin ciki daga asara da kuma shan kashi, ƙarfin hali kuma heroism. "Mamayen" aka bayar da Stalin Prize. Ban sha'awa al'amari: duk da kudi, kuma shi ne dubu 100 rubles, Leonov mika wa Tsaro Asusun. Ga wanda ya samu a rubuce yabo daga Stalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, a takaice biography da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda, ya a rarrabe mutum na lokaci. Akwai aka bayyana ne kawai na daga cikin aikin. Bayan da yaki, ya ci gaba da rubuta, su tãyar da al'amurran da suka shafi na rana. Ba tsoro ga magana daga cikin danniya, da kulaks, qiyayya da mutane, a cikin kowane mutum yana kokarin samun wani ainihi, kokarin isa ga gaskiya. Ba ko da yaushe daga cikin ayyukansa da aka buga, wasu da aka ko da dakatar a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Amma ko ta yaya fated marubuci da aka ba azabtar da shi da m kerawa, kuma ko da shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa akai-akai bayar da daban-daban na gwamnati awards, ya rare kuma sanannun mutum a cikin da'irar masana.

Babban aikin "Dala" da aka buga marubuci ba a kare ba da daɗewa kafin mutuwarsa, ya aka aiki a kan wannan yanki na shekaru 45. Yana Leonov taƙaice dukan idon basira adabi na karni na karshe, da hada riba da kuma na almara, juxtaposed da ba zai yiwu ba zai yiwu, da kuma taƙaice duk kerawa.