M akwati: sifa da aiki

M jijiya akwati ne daya daga cikin aka gyara daga cikin m juyayi tsarin gefe rabo.

tsarin

A daidai da tsarin da m akwati (Truncus sympathicus), kuma shi ne wani biyu nodes cewa suna da alaka da juna ta hanyar m zaruruwa. Ilimi data suna located a kan ko dai gefen kashin baya shafi a dukan tsawon.

Duk wani daga cikin m akwati kumburi - wannan tãrawar autonomic neurons yin sauya sheka preganglionic zaruruwa (mafi girma da sãshensa) cewa su fito daga cikin laka, forming da fari a haɗa reshe.

The sama yadda aka bayyana zaruruwa suna tuntube da daidai naúrar Kwayoyin suna ko dai hada da Inter-kumburi rassan a cikin below- ko vysheraspolagayuschiysya m akwati kumburi.

Shirya a haɗa fari rassan a cikin sama lumbar da thoracic. A sacral, ƙananan lumbar da mahaifa nodes na irin wannan ne babu rassan.

Bayan fari rassan, ya zama ruwan dare kamar yadda launin toka a haɗa reshe, wanda ya kunshi mafi yawa daga m postganglionic fiber kuma kashin baya jijiyoyi hade da ganga majalisai. Irin wannan rassan za kowane daga cikin kashin baya jijiyoyi, departing daga kowace m akwati nodes. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na jijiyoyi sun je innervated gabobin (gland, santsi da kuma striated tsokoki).

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na m akwati (Anatomy) dakatar da ake da wadannan sassan:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Kirji.
4. Neck.

ayyuka

Rarraba bisa ga ƙungiyoyin da m akwati da ta bijiro da batun kafa jijiya ganglia, kuma akwai da dama fasali na ilimin Halittar Jiki ilimi:

1. Innervation na kai da wuya, kazalika da iko akan rage tasoshi, su ciyar.
2. Innervation na thoracic rami (m akwati rassan daga nodes kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na jijiyoyi a cikin pleura, diaphragm, pericardium da hanta jijiya).
3. Innervation na jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar (kunshi jijiya plexuses) kowa carotid, thyroid da subclavian arteries da lakã.
4. Haɗawa tare da jijiya ganglion jijiya plexus.
5. Shiga a cikin samuwar na celiac, aortic, koda da kuma m mesenteric plexus.
6. Innervation na pelvic gabobin saboda abin da ya faru na rassan da Jihadi ganglia na m akwati a cikin ƙananan hypogastric plexus.

A mahaifa m akwati division

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na mahaifa kashin baya, akwai uku raka'a: ƙananan, na tsakiya da kuma na sama. More kowane daga cikinsu la'akari da kara.

saman kumburi

Ilimi fusiform Girma 20 * 5 mm. An ayi a 2-3 mahaifa vertebrae (giciye otrostah) a karkashin prespinal fascia.

Yana fita daga kumburi bakwai babban rassan da suke postganglionic zaruruwa cewa innervate da gabobin da kai da wuya:

• Danganta m rassan zuwa 1, 2, 3 mahaifa kashin baya jijiyoyi.
• N. jugularis (lakar jijiya) ne zuwa kashi da dama rassan, biyu daga waɗanda aka haɗe zuwa glossopharyngeal da vagus jijiyoyi, da kuma daya - zuwa hypoglossal jijiya.
• N. caroticus internus (jijiya ciki barci) shiga cikin matsanancin harsashi na ciki carotid jijiya daga cikin wannan sunan kuma akwai suranta plexus, daga abin da a yankin na shigarwa a cikin jijiya daga cikin wannan sunan a cikin boko kashi canal tashi m zaruruwa cewa, samar da zurfin stony jijiya daga cikin pterygoid canal mikawa a sandan ƙasũsuwa. Bayan exiting da fiber tashar bypassed pterygopalatine fossa, kuma Ka riskar da postganglionic parasympathetic jijiyoyi daga pterygopalatine kumburi, kazalika da maxillary jijiya, sa'an nan ta aika wa hukumomin a yankin da fuska. A barci tashar daga somnolence ciki plexus rassan suna rabu, cewa, shiga plexus kuma samar da wata tympanum. Ciki da kwanyar barci (ciki) da ke shiga cikin cavernous plexus, kuma ta zaruruwa ana raba a kan kwakwalwa tasoshin, forming ophthalmic plexus tsakiya cerebral da Anterior cerebral jijiyoyi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, cavernous plexus aika wani reshe da za a haɗa da parasympathetic zaruruwa parasympathetic ciliary kumburi da innervate tsoka dilating da almajiri.
• N. caroticus externus (da waje barci jijiya). Ya suranta cikin matsanancin plexus kusa da homonymous jijiya da kuma rassansa, wanda ya samar da jini da gabobin da wuyansa, fuska, da kuma Dura.
• Pharyngeal-laryngeal reshe tasoshin bi pharyngeal bango da kuma siffar pharyngeal plexus.
• Cardiac jijiya ya wuce kusa da babba rabo daga mahaifa m akwati. Kirji rami surface haifar cardiac plexus, wanda aka located a karkashin aortic baka.
• A rassan cewa wani bangare ne na phrenic jijiya. Su ƙulli shirya a kwantena da jijiyoyin na hanta, pericardial, diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum, pleura da kuma diaphragm.

talakawan naúrar

Ilimi Girma 2 * 2 mm, located a kan matakin 4 na mahaifa vertebrae, a wani wuri inda rarraba da na kowa carotid da baya thyroid jijiya. Wannan kumburi bada Yunƙurin zuwa hudu iri rassan:

1. Danganta m rassan cewa je 5, 6 kashin baya jijiyoyi.
2. Average zuciya jijiya, wanda aka located zuwa ga raya na kowa carotid jijiya. A cikin rami daga cikin kirji jijiya ne da hannu a cikin samuwar na cardiac plexus (mai zurfi), wanda aka located tsakanin trachea da aortic baka.
3. A rassan cewa suna da hannu a cikin kungiyar na jijiya plexus subclavian, kowa carotid da ƙananan thyroid jijiyoyi.
4. Mezhduuzlovaya reshe cewa an haɗa zuwa babba mahaifa m rundunar.

m naúrar

Ilimi aka located bayan da vertebral jijiya da kuma subclavian sama. A rare lokuta, a hade tare da na farko kumburi da thoracic m sa'an nan ya kira stellate (cervico-thoracic) kumburi. Lower taro bada Yunƙurin zuwa shida rassan:

1. Gray a haɗa reshe, har ya zuwa 7, 8 mahaifa kashin baya jijiyoyi.
2. A reshe Ai ga plexus vertebralis, mikawa a cikin kwanyar da kafa plexus na baya cerebral jijiya da kuma basilar plexus.
3. Jijiyoyi na ƙananan zuciya, hagu ayi baya da lakã da dama - domin brachiocephalic jijiya da kuma aka hannu a cikin samuwar cikin zurfin zuciya plexus.
4. Sprigs na da wani ɓangare na phrenic jijiya, amma ba samar da plexuses kuma ƙarasa a cikin diaphragm, pleura da pericardium.
5. A rassan, wanda ya samar da wani na kowa carotid jijiya plexus.
6. Branch ga subclavian jijiya.

thorax

A tsarin da thoracic m akwati kunshi ganglia thoracica (mammary nodes) - jijiya Ilimi a triangular siffar, wanda karya a kan costal wuyõyinsu a tarnaƙi daga cikin thoracic vertebrae, a hilar fascia da parietal pleura.

Daga cikin thoracic ganglia tashi 6 manyan kungiyoyin na rassan:

1. Farin a haɗa reshe, wanda branched daga intercostal jijiyoyi (da agara tushen) da kuma shiga cikin nodes.
2. Gray a haɗa rassan zo daga ganglia da aka aiko zuwa intercostal jijiyoyi.
3. Da rassan da mediastinum. Kwatsam daga 5 m babba Ganga da kuma gwada a cikin na baya mediastinum rabo, tare da sauran zaruruwa kafa da Bronchial da kuma esophageal plexus.
4. Cardiac thoracic jijiyoyi. Kwatsam daga 4-5 babba m ganglia, musharaka a cikin samuwar aortic da kuma zurfin zuciya plexus.
5. Splanchnic jijiya manyan. Taru rassan 5-9 thoracic m kullin da kuma rufe intrathoracic fascia. Ta hanyar da takware tsakanin tsaka-tsaki da kuma tsakiya jijiya na kafafu diaphragm kara a cikin kogon ciki da kuma ƙare a ganglia celiac plexus. A abun da ke ciki na wannan ya hada da babban yawan jijiya preganglionic zaruruwa (wanda ake switched cikin celiac ganglia plexus a kan postganglionic zaruruwa) da kuma postganglionic cewa sun riga switched zuwa matakin thoracic ganglia na m akwati.
6. Jijiya kananan vnutrinostny. An kafa ta reshe nodes 10-12. Ta hanyar diaphragm shi dama dan kadan a kaikaice n. splanchnicus manyan da kuma wani ɓangare na celiac plexus. Sashe na daga cikin preganglionic zaruruwa wannan jijiya a cikin m ganglia ake switched postganglionarnae, da kuma wasu ya zama gabobin.

lumbar

Lumbar m akwati ganglia - ba cewa wasu, a matsayin ci gaba da sarkar na thoracic ganglia. Lumbar qunshi 4 nodes cewa suna located a garesu daga cikin kashin baya a ciki da gefen babban lumbar tsoka. A gefen dama nodes visualized waje daga vena cava na baya, da kuma hagu - waje daga lakã.

Rassan da lumbar m akwati ne:

1. Farin a haɗa rassan mikawa daga 1 da 2 lumbar kashin baya jijiyoyi da kuma dace to 1 da 2 ganglia.
2. Gray a haɗa reshe. Hada da lumbar ganglia dukkan kashin baya lumbar jijiyoyi.
3. Lumbar splanchnic rassan cewa mika daga duk ganglia da kuma shigar da babba hypogastric, celiac, ciki aortic, koda da kuma m mesenteric plexus.

sacral kashi

A lowermost rabo (daidai da m akwati topography) ne sacral kashi cewa qunshi daya unpaired coccygeal taro da hudu nau'i-nau'i daga sacral ganglia. Nodes located dan kadan tsakiya zuwa cikin agara sacral ramukan.

Akwai da dama rassan da sacral rabo daga m akwati:

1. Gray a haɗa reshe da kuma mamaye da sacral kashin baya jijiyoyi.
2. Splanchnic jijiyoyi da cewa wani bangare ne na autonomic plexuses a ƙashin ƙugu. Visceral jijiya zaruruwa daga data kafa ƙananan hypogastric plexus, wanda ya ta'allaka a kan rassan da ciki iliac jijiya ta hanyar abin da shiga cikin m jijiyoyi a cikin pelvic gabobin.