Central Bank of Rasha da kuma ta ayyuka

Babban kudi ma'aikata na kasar, da babban bankin Rasha, Moscow. Wannan shi ne na musamman kungiyar, wanda babban makasudin - da tsari na kudi da kuma bashi tsarin. Babban Bankin Rasha Federation (Moscow, Neglinnaya Street, 12) ne mahada tsakanin zartarwa da kuma duk yankunan da tattalin arzikin kasar.

A ma'aikata halitta ta goma sha uku Yuli 1990. Shi ne magaji zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet GB.

Mene ne ma'aikata da kuma wanda ya mallaki?

A babban bankin ba zai tasiri da ayyukan da mutane. Main kwangila - duk bankuna a kasar, ko da dukiya. Shi ne mai shari'a mahaluži, tare da kansa babban birnin kasar da kuma Articles na Association. Amma shi ne gaba ɗaya a cikin tarayya dukiya. A wasu kalmomin, shi nasa jihar.

ayyuka

Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation - wani shiri wanda yake da alhakin fiye da ashirin analytical da kuma m siffofin:

• Kenkenewa batun (batun) a tsabar kudi.
• Kafa dokoki ga lissafi da kuma iko da su yi.
• Design da kuma ci gaban da manufar monetary siyasa.
• Ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da umurni na biya ba mazauna.
• Control na banki ayyukan.
  
• Yin biya zuwa mutane na adibas a hali na fatarar na kudi cibiyoyin, wanda aka ba kunsa a tsarin na m ajiya da inshora.
• Maintenance kasafin kudi na duk matakan. A wasu lokuta - karin-kasafin kudi.
• Rajista na bashi kungiyoyi da tarayya, da bayar, kazalika da dakatar da soke dokar lasisi, monitoring ayyukan.
• Rajista da kuma iko da maras jihar fensho kudi.
• Tsayawa tsabar kudi reserves na bankuna.
• Batun da rajista na Securities. Jawabin game da sakamakon da batun.
• Magance Insider bayanai (haram) da kuma kasuwar magudi.
• Rancen kungiyoyi da su refinancing.
• Management da kuma iko da biyan bashin da tsarin.
• All banki ayyukan zama dole ga al'ada aiki na cibiyoyin.
• Administration reserves.
• Regulation da kuma iko da kasashen waje musayar ayyukan.
  
• Sami aiki da kuma goyon baya na jama'a bashi, ciki har da wani rance don rufe da kasafin kudin gaira.
• fi magani (fi) na dami bankuna.
• Kafa musayar rates a kan dacewa kasuwanci rana.
• Cikar ake gudanar da ma'amaloli, sun amince tare da lamuni na duniya IMF.
• Hasashen da kuma ci gaban BOP.
• The ayyuka na banki dubawa na bashi da kuma wadanda ba bashi kudi cibiyoyin da kuma banki kungiyoyin, hadin gwiwa stock kamfanoni da kuma kamfanoni kansu.
• waje zuba jari statistics.
• Analysis da kuma hasashen da na jiha na tattalin arziki.

Regional tsarin

Rasha Central Bank yana da ofisoshi a kowane daga cikin tara tarayya gundumomi. Bugu da kari, akwai wani ci gaba na cibiyar sadarwa na rassan a kusan kowace babbar birni.

A mafi muhimmanci tarayya ofisoshin ne Kudu Main Directorate na Central Bank of Rasha Federation, kazalika da Arewa-Western da Urals reshe.

Mene ne kudi na refinancing na Central Bank of Rasha Federation?

Daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na babban kudi ma'aikata ne da rancen zuwa banki da tsarin. A refinancing kudi na babban bankin Rasha Federation - da sha'awa kudi a cikin lissafi na daya kalanda shekara, wanda shi ne maras rama kudi bashi da kungiyoyi don samar da basussuka. Wannan darajar ne batun m gyara, dangane da halin da ake ciki a kan kudi kasuwar kasar, kazalika a kan hauhawar farashin kaya da kuma} asashensu. Wannan shi ne babban kayan aiki na macroeconomic tsari a jihar.

bankunan tsakiya na matsalar hauhawar farashin kaya

The aiki na babban bankin na kasar - ya ci gaba da akai balance tare da taimakon wannan siga. Muni, ba shakka, a daina farashin man gas, amma zai rage kudi girma. Conversely, ma low matakan don taimaka saturate da tattalin arzikin na babban adadin cheap kudi, amma a lokaci guda kumbura zama dangerously wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba, da cewa daga baya zai babu makawa kai ga canje-canje a cikin dabarun shiryawa model.

Duk da haka, da rangwame kudi ne an nuna alama ga masu zuba jari. Wadannan iya duka biyu jawo hankalin, kuma sunã tunkuɗe yiwuwar sha'awar kamfanoni. Yana da abu daya a lokacin da ba za ka iya ko da yaushe ƙidaya a kan goyon bayan da banki tsarin. Yana da quite wani - a lokacin da kawai nasu kudi ya kamata a yi amfani da zuba jari. Kasada girma yadda ya kamata.

Girma na amfani rates a duniya

A ranar, da size da rangwame kudi kafa ta Central Bank of Rasha Federation, shi ne goma sha kashi annum.

Wannan ba shine mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Saboda haka, girman da rangwame kudi zuwa biyu da cent rubuce da kudi cibiyoyin a Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Japan, da Birtaniya, da Sashin Turai da kuma Amurka.

A bankuna a Switzerland da Sweden, wani key nuna alama na wani mummunan at all. Wadannan sababbin abubuwa suna hade da kusan sifili kumbura a kasar. Export kundin na dogon lokaci rage da cika fuska, da samar da wani tsanani hadarin raguwa a farashin da kasa ago - da Swiss Franc da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden krona. Har ila yau, shi sau da yawa ya jagoranci wani akan rage amfani da m masu zuba jari.

Korau rangwame kudi ya nuna cewa kasar cibiyoyin biya zuwa Central Bank for ajiya kafofin watsa labarai da sabis a taskõkĩnsa. Raya ƙasashe suna tsanani la'akari da gabatarwar wannan bidi'a da ga gudunmawar da jiki mutane.

A rangwame kudi na babban bankin na Rasha Federation a lokacin aiki

Refinancing kudi na babban bankin Rasha Federation mai tsanani fluctuated dangane da tafiyar matakai faruwa a cikin kasar.

An fara tare da kafa sabuwar jiha, wannan adadi da aka muhimmanci canza, wani lokacin sau da yawa a sati.

Har 2003, shi wuce darajar ashirin cikin dari. A refinancing kudi na babban bankin Rasha Federation a daban-daban lokaci da kuma kai har zuwa ɗari biyu da goma bisa dari (a 1994 darajar dade har zuwa karshen watan Afrilu na shekara). A general, daga Yuni 1993 zuwa Yuli 1996 darajar wuce xari da cent annum. A kokari na gwamnatin da bankers sun yarda hankali don kwantar da kudi hadari. Kuma a watan Yuni 1997 da kuma isa wani quite m darajar ashirin da daya bisa dari. Amma da rikicin ya barke, da kuma bi wadannan abubuwan da akai-akai defaulted sake karfi da turawa da darajar up to ɗari da hamsin cikin dari. Wannan adadi da aka rubuta ashirin da bakwai na May 1998. Amma bayan mako daya ya gangara zuwa sittin.

Daga Janairu 2004 zuwa yanzu, kasar ta babban nuna alama bai wuce goma sha biyar da cent.

A farko a watan Yuni 2010 da aka rubuta rikodin cewa kafa Central Bank of Rasha - da kudi ne kawai bakwai aya saba'in da biyar bisa dari.

kudin batun

Daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da aiwatar da Central Bank of Rasha Federation, shi ne da watsi da kudi - tsabar kudi saki a cikin wurare dabam dabam, wanda kara su duka nauyi.

A manufofin da babban cibiyoyin a cikin wannan yanki shi ne don sarrafa yawa na kudi a wurare dabam dabam, da musayar unusable (dilapidated) banknotes, kazalika da dace canji na zane na banknotes yadda ya kamata magance counterfeiters.

CBA wannan aiki ne da wuya a overestimate, saboda ruble ne kawai zai yiwu wajen biya a kasar.

Batun na kudi kwashe a tsabar kudi da kuma wadanda ba tsabar kudi form.

Rasha kudin da aka ba da goyan daraja karafa, da kuma ba shi da wani sauran daidaitawa rabo.

Batun na tsabar kudi rubles

Cash takarda kudi ne banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na biyar zuwa dubu biyar rubles. Da dukan zama dole zamani wajen kariya - ruwa da alãmarsu, tsaro thread, alamu na lafiya Lines, micro-bugu, fiber, haske a ultraviolet da haske, da alama daidai ƙarfe Paint, embossed abubuwa, inuwõyinta suna kusa, launi canje-canje dangane da Viewing kwana.

A m denomination na tsabar kudin bayar da Central Bank of Rasha Federation - daya dinari. Matsakaicin - goma rubles.

Emboss su zuwa Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg mints irin karafa da kuma gami da nickel azurfa, karfe, tagulla, tutiya, nickel, tagulla.

Watsi da wadanda ba tsabar kudi

Wannan nau'i ne dalilin bayar da maras tsabar kudi asusun. Manufar biyã - saduwa da zama dole bukatun kasuwa mahalarta a cikin aiki babban birnin kasar. Sau da yawa da babban birnin kasar na kungiyar ba zai isa ba su yi wani takamaiman aiki. ƙarin kudi don cim ma da kudi matsaloli za a iya saki a karkashin wani yanayi. A tsari aiki a kan tushen da banki (depositary) multiplier.

Wannan na musamman hanya, tun da watsi da lantarki kudi, tare da Babban Bankin iya gudanar da harkar banki cibiyoyin ko bashi kungiyoyi. Hakika, a karkashin tsauraran dubawa na kula dalĩli.

Cũtar da aiwatar da wuya matuƙa, domin irin watsi da aka samar kawai don dalili na a kasuwar tattalin arzikin rance.

bankuna bankuna

Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation daukawa fitar da wani kula rawa bisa dukan banki tsarin.

Wannan shi ne da farko a bayar da lasisi. Kuma a sa'an nan - da akai iko a kan ayyukan tattalin arziki da abokai, ta liquidity. Idan ya cancanta, da dawo da aka aikata ta bayar da wani curator. Rashi na da hakkin ya gudanar da kasashen waje musayar ayyukan, ko cikakken sokewa na banki lasisi ne da za'ayi a cikin hali na rashin yiwuwar yin aiki a cikin kudi kasuwa.

Babban Bankin Halicci m yanayi domin aiki na bashi cibiyoyin cewa shirya tsabar kudi gudana da kuma bayar da rance.

ƙarshe

Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation ne wani muhimmin bijiro da batun kafa kashi na kasa da tattalin arziki. Ana nufin za a adana kudi da kwanciyar hankali a kasar, ta amfani da mai fadi da kewayon yiwuwa ga wannan.