Biyu-maikashi jiragen kasa a Rasha: description, kwatance, fasali da kuma sake dubawa

Yawa daga cikin mu zaton cewa biyu maikashi jiragen kasa sun bayyana kwanan nan, tare da kaddamar da hanya Moscow - Adler. Duk da haka, da suka tarihi a kasar mu yana da fiye da wani karni daya da rabi. Bari mu fara da babban fasali na sabunta sufuri wajen.

Biyu-storey mota: key maki

Biyu-storey, biyu-storey mota - na zamanintar da al'ada fasinja mota domin mafi girma fasinja iya aiki. Yana bayar da wani biyu-bene tsari na compartments (daya sama da sauran). A mafi wakilin misalai ne TGV Duplex, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Dangane da zane, wannan mota zai iya rike 40-70% more fasinjoji. Ganin cewa ga nassi na viaducts, Tunnels, wutan lantarki hanya sassan da hinged catenary bukatar iyakance abun da ke ciki na da tsawo, da zanen kaya daga wadannan motoci tafi a kan dukan dabaru: na farko bene da aka saukar kamar yadda low kamar yadda zai yiwu tsakanin karusai, rage tsawo na biyu na gyaran gashi. A cikin yawon shakatawa biyu maikashi jiragen kasa, da ƙananan Layer aikin wani fasaha aiki, saboda tsayinsa ne kananan, kuma a saman - a fili, dadi, sau da yawa tare da panoramic windows. Kasa ne taƙaitaccen kamanta halayyar.

A Rasha biyu maikashi jiragen kasa

Shin, Rasha da biyu maikashi jirgin kasa? Railways yayi fasinjoji hudu iri motoci:

• wani sashe (64 maimakon 36 mutane).
• CB (30 maimakon 18);
• ma'aikatan karusa-compartments (50 maimakon 18-24 mutane).
• gidan cin abinci (44-48 kujeru ga baƙi zuwa cin abinci yankin).

Biyu-maikashi jiragen kasa zuwa Rasha da dukan jerin fasali:

• sauyin yanayi iko - kwandishan da kuma dumama.
• hatimce da kuma lafiya Inter-hawa a mulki.
• makamashi-ceton LED lighting.
• Uku takin toilets, wanda za a iya amfani da ko da shafukan.
• matakala da anti-zamewa kuma sauki handrail.
• wagon wadata ne da za'ayi kawai da wani lantarki locomotive.
• GLONASS navigation tsarin da tauraron dan adam sadarwa ma'aikatan mota.
• kyautata tsaro tsarin - video kula, damar iko da tsaro da ma'aikatan.

Santa Fe a wani biyu-mota

Biyu-maikashi jirgin kasa a Rasha (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara da kuma sauran yankunan) da wadannan siffofi da ta Santa Fe:

• Standard dakin sauran kuma barci, fitilu, tebur, madubi.
• matakala a kan babba dagawa matsayi.
• shelves ga kananan kaya.
• damar yin amfani da sashe ne kawai ta hanyar mutum Magnetic key.
• biyu kantuna (100 W) domin caji mobile, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da kuma sauran lantarki.
• Stagnation dukkan gadaje a arewa maso gabas da kuma a cikin sama daki;
• Mutane daya-daya LCD nuni ga duba fayilolin silima, kowane fasinja (CB), headphone (Santa Fe, NE).

Bugu da kari, fasinjoji suna miƙa wadannan ayyuka: ruwan da na kwalba ruwa a kan hanya, muhalli da kuma kiwon lafiya kayayyaki, sayar da tsarabobi, periodicals, shayi da kuma confectionery.

Biyu-maikashi jiragen kasa a Rasha: hanyoyi

A duk inda wadannan biyu-matakin horas da layukan dogo na tabbatar da:

• to mafi araha tikitin farashin saboda da hakan fasinja iya aiki.
• m lalacewar yanayi saboda da yin amfani da sabon kayan da fasahar a cikin yi motoci.
• dadi motsi graphics (gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa qagaggun - zuwan nan da sannu).

Kasa ne wuraren gudu biyu maikashi jiragen kasa a Rasha.

Tabbatacce feedback daga fasinjoji

M halaye da cewa sun alama da fasinjoji, gudanar da wani gwaji tare da biyu maikashi jirgin kasa a Rasha:

• cosiness, ta'aziyya.
• sabon zamani motoci.
• m farashin.
• akan rage tafiya lokaci.
• m da kuma sada zumunci ma'aikatan.
• amfani na šaukuwa toilets.
• da daki damar na'urar.
• Wi-Fi.
• high quality na abinci a cikin gidan abinci.
• tsaro.
• m.

• kasancewa ga mutanen da ke da nakasa.
• pre conductors shirye sanya gado.
• kanti kai tsaye zuwa cikin daki.
• shugaba kira button.
• a saman bene wuya ji zirga-zirga amo.
• kwandishan tsarin.
• sabon abu ga Rasha matafiyi.

korau al'amurran

Ba a ɓoye daga idanu na fasinjoji da disadvantages na biyu-matakin bidi'a:

• Service. Ganin cewa a baya da shugaba da biyu 36-seater wagon, amma yanzu wannan adadin ma'aikatan bayar ga fasinjoji 64.
• A gaban mataki. Don samun zuwa hawa na biyu, shi wajibi ne don shawo kan wani fairly m matakai.
• Tafi ya saman kaya tara sama ƙofar - kaya iya yanzu kawai za a adana a akwati.
• Toilets. Biyu-bene jirgin kasa a Rasha akwati ne kawai uku - daya ga fasinja 21 (maimakon 18 kamar yadda a cikin al'ada daki).
• Seeling. Saboda da peculiarities na Rasha dogo hanyoyi ne m karfi pitching a kan na biyu matakin. Shi ne unsafe zama a kan hanya su zama a kan matakala.

Har ila yau daga cikin disadvantages fasinjoji lura da low ceilings ba kayyade sauyin yanayi iko, wani mummunan wari a motoci, surly conductors, wuri mai ƙunci barci, wani mummunan tsari na windows (ma low), katsalandan Wi-Fi, high farashin abinci, matalauta quality, m abinci a abincin sojoji ga ST.

A tarihin biyu maikashi motoci a Rasha

Oktoba 30, 2013 daga Adler zuwa Moscow tafi wani biyu-labarin tsarin 15 motoci Tver karusa Works. Kafin cewa, a watan Agusta, a Ma'adinai Waters bude farko Rasha daffo ga jiragen kasa gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa. Amma abubuwan da suka faru da aka jera su ba a farkon tarihin biyu maikashi jiragen kasa a kasar mu - na farko irin motoci da aka gina a 1864 a Kolomna shuka. "Cuckoo" (da ake kira jirgin kasa na na yau da kullum kuka "Ku-Ku", wanda alama farkon na wani yunkuri direban na jirgin kasa) shuttled tsakanin Peterhof da Oranienbaum, waƙa sassan a densely populated yanki da villa.

A 1905, biyu-matakin motoci da aka samar a cikin Tver karusa karusa. Sake da suka sa a cikin aiki ne kawai bayan shekaru 50 - da samar da motoci cruised gudun hijirar tsakanin Belgorod da Kharkov, Lvov da Kovel. A cikin hoton Birnin Leningrad, ya hau karusarsa Works Ya halitta a cikin gida model na wani biyu-storey mota a cikin '70s. Benen kasa yana da gida mai dakuna compartments Santa Fe, da kuma na biyu bene ya dan yawon shakatawa, duba - akwai kawai wurin zama. Su saki da aka iyakance - a total na 16 model. A labarin gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa qagaggun katse sake don fara sabon page a kwanakin nan namu.

masu zaman kansu da jirgin kasa

Da yake jawabi na sababbin abubuwa a cikin gida Railways, ya kamata a lura da cewa kwanan nan suka fara gudu na farko zaman jirgin kasa a Rasha:

• Electric "TransExpress" shugabanci Moscow - Kaluga. Da mai shi - "TransGroup" cewa samar da wannan abin hawa a kan Dimihinskom injiniya shuka a biya $ 2 da miliyan. Kowace daga cikin motoci yana shiryar da masu gadi, don haka akwai ba zai zuriyar dabbobi, kada ka sha barasa da kuma ba hayaki, kada sayar da ba neman sadaka. Daya debe: dukkan motoci na daya aji - da na uku.
• Private alatu jirgin kasa "Grand Express" gudanar tare da hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg. A abun da ke ciki yana dauke su mafi dadi a Rasha Federation. Daga cikin ayyuka: ecotoilets da underfloor dumama, shawa, Wi-Fi, media player, sauyin yanayi tsarin, da m don daidaita lighting, lantarki kwa'di tare da Magnetic key, kira button waya, tsaro da sabis.

• 4. Electric "Severstalrels" Moscow - St. Petersburg. Dadi jirgin kasa da ciwon a cikin abun da ke ciki carriages 1 da aji 2, biyu carriages mashaya. A abun da ke ciki tana biye da duk Turai bukatun domin ta'aziyya da aminci, sanye take da wani yanayi kula da tsarin.

Railways da kuma masu zaman kansu aiki

Ana zargin masu zaman kansu mahadi ba soke kenkenewa Rasha layukan dogo. The masu kawai mallaka da mirgina stock ko ba ta yage. A lokaci guda sun biya arziki na w / e hanyoyi, iko sabis, locomotive gogayya. Amma ga rage kudin tafiya na 'yan kasa, sabon aiki ne cewa shi ba a kife. Duk da yake akwai wani hali da cewa layukan dogo sanya shi a cikin hannun masu zaman kansu yan kasuwa mafi riba yankunan, amma management fatan cewa, ba-jihar qagaggun kuma canza unclaimed hanyoyi a nan gaba. Kwanan nan, wani yawan sababbin abubuwa za a iya gani a kan Rasha layukan dogo - zaman jirgin kasa, biyu-matakin motoci. Hakika, da shortcomings za a iya samu a dukkan, kõme, amma irin wannan ci gaba a cikin zamani na daya daga cikin tsofaffin siffofin kai ba zai iya amma yi farin ciki a cikin kasar.