Bertolt Brecht: biography, tarihin rayuwar, kerawa da kuma mafi kyau littattafai

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 gg.) - daya daga cikin mafi girma a Jamus Theatrical Figures, talented playwrights a lokacinsa, amma ya play kuma shi ne har yanzu rare da aka sa a cikin da yawa sinimomi na duniya. Wannan litattafan marubuci kuma mawãƙi, kazalika da mahaliccin da wasan kwaikwayo "Berliner gungu". Bertolda Brehta kerawa kai shi don ƙirƙirar sabon Trend na "siyasa da wasan kwaikwayo." Ya aka haife shi a Jamus birnin Augsburg. Daga cikin matasa yana sha'awar a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, amma iyalinsa nace cewa shi ya kasance wani likita, bayan high school sai ya shiga University. Lyudviga Maksimiliana a Munich.

Bertolt Brecht: biography da ayyukansu

Duk da haka, manyan canje-canje ya faru bayan da wani taro tare da shahararrun Jamus marubuci Leon Fayhvangerom. Ya nan da nan ya lura da wani yaro na ƙwarai basira da kuma shawarar da shi yi kusa da wallafe-wallafe. By wannan lokaci Brecht ya gama play "Ganga na dare", wanda ya sa ɗaya daga Munich ta sinimomi.

By 1924, bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a don ci Berlin matasa Bertolt Brecht. Tarihinsa ya nuna cewa shi ne jiran wani ban mamaki taron tare da shahararrun darektan Erwin Piscator. A shekara daga baya, wannan jummai Halicci "proletarian wasan kwaikwayo".

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Bertolda Brehta nuna cewa marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kansa ya ba arziki, kuma nasa kudi ba zai zama isa ga ka ga littafin da kuma saya guda daga shahara playwrights. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Brecht yanke shawarar rubuta nasu.

Amma da ya fara tinkering da shahara plays, sa'an nan ya tafi staging m wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu ga wadanda ba sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

Theatrical aiki

Creative hanyar Bertolda Brehta fara da play "The Threepenny Opera" by John Gay, a cikin littafinsa "A Bara a ta Opera," wanda ya zama daya daga cikin na farko wadannan gwaje-gwajen halarta a karon, kafa a 1928.

A mãkirci gaya labarin rayuwar da dama matalauta vagrants, wanda tsaya a kõme ba, kuma ta kowane hali nemi wani abincinsu. Performance kusan nan da nan ya zama m kamar bara, vagrants kafin ba da protagonists a kan mataki.

Sa'an nan Brecht, tare da abokin Piscator ya sanya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "Volksbühne" na biyu labari da hadin gwiwa play Gorky "Uwar".

juyin juya halin da ruhu

A Jamus, yayin da Jamus suna neman sababbin hanyoyin ci gaba da kuma yi na jihar, kuma haka akwai wani distemper. Kuma wannan sauyi ruhun Bertolt sosai ajiye tare da ruhun jama'a jin zuciya.

Wannan ya biyo ta wani sabon play da Brecht ta mataki karbuwa daga cikin labari da J. Hasek labarin game da Kasadar na Good Soja Schweik. Yana ja hankalin masu sauraro da aka zahiri crammed da m yau da kullum yanayi, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - m anti-yaki theme.

Amma a nan a kan marubucin rashin biyan bukata fadi Nazis, wanda ya zo ikon a wannan lokaci. Saboda haka, ta 1933, da Jamusanci ma'aikata sinimomi da aka dakatar. Nan da nan da ya tilasta wa barin kasar da kuma Bertolt Brecht.

Biography nuna cewa a lokacin da ya yi aure don wani sanannen actress Elene Vaygel, kuma shi ke da ita, ya koma Finland.

Jobs in Finland

Akwai ya fara aiki a play "Uwar Jaruntakan ita da yara." A mãkirci, ya peeped a Jamus jama'a littafin, wanda ya bayyana Kasadar da wani torgashki a lokacin da shekaru talatin da 'War.

Jihar na Nazi Jamus, ya iya ba za a bar shi kadai, saboda haka zan ba shi da wani siyasa launi a cikin play "Kada ku ji tsõro, kuma mũnin na uku Reich", kuma ya nuna a cikin ta gaskiya dalilai taho zuwa ga Nazi jam'iyyar Hitler.

yaki

A lokacin duniya na biyu Finland zama Majibinci na Jamus, Brecht, sabili da haka ya yi hijira a sake, amma wannan lokaci a Amirka. Ya sanya akwai sabon play "Life of Galileo" (1941), "The Good mutum na Szechwan", "Mr. Puntilla da Mattes bawanka."

A matsayin tushen da aka dauka da m jama'a labaru da kuma satire. Da alama ya zama mai sauki kuma bayyana, amma Brecht, zalunta su da falsafa generalizations, ya karkatar da su da misalai. Saboda haka da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, nemi sabuwar hanyar magana da tunani, ra'ayoyi da kuma imani.

Taganka Theater

Ya Theatrical wasanni sun kasance a kusa lamba tare da masu sauraro. Ku raira waƙa, wani lokacin da masu sauraro da aka kira su zuwa ga mataki da kuma sanya su kai tsaye da hannu a cikin play. Wadannan abubuwa aiki a kan mutane karin hanya. Kuma shi ne mai ƙididdigewa ne Bertolt Brecht. Tarihinsa ya ƙunshi wani sosai ban sha'awa abu: shi dai itace, da Moscow Taganka Theater ma suka fara wasa Brecht. Darektan Lyubimov sanya wani play "The Good mutum na Szechwan" hallmark na wasan kwaikwayo, duk da haka, har ma da 'yan wasu wasanni.

Lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, ya koma nan da nan zuwa Turai da kuma Bertolt Brecht. Biography yana da bayanin da ya zauna a kasar Austria. Amfana wasanni da kuma tsaye ovations suke cikin plays, wanda ya rubuta da baya a Amurka, "A Caucasian alli Circle", "Tashi da Arturo UI". A farko play ya nuna hali zuwa film Charles Chaplin ta "The Great Duvalier" da kuma kokarin gama ya ce, abin da bai gama ba Chaplin.

Wasan kwaikwayo "Berliner gungu"

A shekarar 1949, na Berthold gayyace zuwa aiki a cikin gudun hijirar wasan kwaikwayo "Berliner gungu", inda ya zama m darakta. Ya rubuta mataki adaptations daga cikin mafi girma da ayyuka na duniya adabi: "Vassa Zheleznov" da "Uwar" M, "dabbar beaver Jawo gashi" da kuma "The Red Cara" G. Hauptmann.

Tare da wasanni ya yi tafiya halfway a duniya da kuma, ba shakka, ziyarci da Tarayyar Soviet, inda a shekarar 1954 ya aka bayar da Lenin Peace Prize.

Bertolt Brecht: biography, jerin littattafan

A tsakiyar 1955 Brecht, a cikin shekaru 57 da shekaru fara jin matsananciyar rashin lafiya, ya shekarunsu, tafiya, ya jingina a kan wani kara. Ya sanya wasiya a wanda ya yi ishãra zuwa cikin akwatin gawa da jikinsa bai sa a kan jama'a nuni da bai ce ban kwana da jawabai.

Daidai shekara guda daga baya a cikin bazara, aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a kan samar da "Rayuwa Gadileya" Brekhov a kan kafafu shan wahala a qananan ciwon zuciya, bi, nan da karshen lokacin rani, da kiwon lafiya rincabewa, kuma ya mutu daga wani m ciwon zuciya Agusta 10, 1956.

Nan a kan wannan da kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa a gama da taken "Breht Bertold: biography rayuwa labarin." Yana kawai ya rage don ƙara da cewa a cikin dukan rayuwa, wannan ban mamaki mutumin rubuta da yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Mafi san shi da kwaikwaiyo, a Baya ga sama, shi ne "Ba'al" (1918), "Wani mutum ne wani mutum da" (1920), "The Life of Galileo" (1939), "The Caucasian alli" kuma da yawa, mutane da yawa wasu.