A op-amp: kewaye type, da aiki da ka'ida. A amfilifa kewaye a kan wadanda ba inverting sarrafawa amfilifa. Students dc ƙarfin lantarki amfilifa sarrafawa amfilifa

A labarin da za a yi la'akari da wani misali amfilifa kewaye shi ne wani aiki amfilifa, kuma misalai ne na daban-daban halaye na aiki da wannan na'urar. Don kwanan wata, babu wani daga cikin ikon naúrar ba zai iya yi ba tare da yin amfani da aiki amplifiers. Wannan shi ne da gaske m kayan aikin da ba ka damar yi daban-daban ayyuka da sigina. Game da yadda yake aiki da abin da daidai ya sa ya yiwu in yi wannan na'urar, ku kuma koya a.

inverting amfilifa

Tuki inverting amfilifa op-amp ne mai sauki isa, za ka iya ganin shi a cikin hoton. A da ginshikin ne wani aiki amfilifa (dangane da irin shi dauke a cikin wannan labarin). Bugu da kari, a nan:

1. A resistor R1 wani irin ƙarfin lantarki drop ne yanzu a kan darajar shi ne guda a matsayin labari.
2. A resistor R2 ma yana da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki drop - shi ne guda a matsayin fitarwa.

A wannan yanayin da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki rabo na da juriya darajar R2 ne a shigar game da R1, amma baya a alama. Sanin irin ƙarfin lantarki da kuma juriya dabi'u za a iya lasafta riba. Don yin wannan, raba fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki zuwa shigar da irin ƙarfin lantarki. A wannan aiki amfilifa (ya sauya sheka kewaye da shi na iya samun wani) su yi wannan riba ko da kuwa da irin.

feedback Jobs

aiki feedback - yanzu daya Muhimmin abu kana bukatar ka fahimci a more daki-daki. Misali, a ƙofar akwai wani tashin hankali. Domin sauki, lissafin zai dauki darajar 1 V. dauka ma cewa R1 = 10K, R2 = 100 ohms.

Yanzu zaton cewa akwai wasu unforeseen halin da ake ciki, saboda abin da fitarwa mataki irin ƙarfin lantarki da aka saita zuwa 0 V. Next, akwai mai ban sha'awa juna - biyu resistances fara aiki a nau'i-nau'i, tare da suke haifar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki daga divider. A fitarwa na inverting mataki ne kiyaye at 0,91 V. Wannan damar da OS gyara mismatch bayanai, da kuma fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki rage faruwa. Saboda haka, a sosai sauki zane zane na aiki amplifiers, wata sigina amfilifa wanda ya gane da aiki na haska, misali.

Kuma wannan canji zai ci gaba da sosai pores, muddin aka kafa a kan fitarwa darajar ne barga a 10 V. Sai a wannan lokacin a cikin bayanai na aiki amfilifa iko ne daidai. Kuma za su kasance da wannan a matsayin ƙasa m. A daya hannun, idan fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar za ta ci gaba da rage, kuma shi zai zama kasa da -10 V a shigar da m zama m fiye da na kasa. Sakamako - da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki fara ƙara.

A irin wannan makirci na da hasara - ta shigar impedance ne sosai kananan, musamman a amplifiers da darajar da irin ƙarfin lantarki riba, idan feedback madauki da aka rufe. A zane, tattauna gaba, hana duk wadannan shortcomings.

A ba-inverting amfilifa

A adadi ya nuna wani zane na wani maras inverting amfilifa ne wani aiki amfilifa. Bayan an yi nazarin shi, za mu iya zana da dama karshe:

1. UA ƙarfin lantarki darajar daidaita da labari.
2. Tare da divider kashe da irin ƙarfin lantarki UA, wanda shi ne rabo na aikin fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki zuwa Naira Miliyan Xari R1 da R1 da R2 resistances.
3. A cikin akwati inda darajar UA ne daidaita da shigar da ƙarfin lantarki, da riba ne rabo na fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki don shigar da (ko iya zama dangi da resistances R2 da R1 ƙara naúrar).

Wannan tsari ne da ake kira ba inverting amfilifa, shi yana da kusan iyaka shigar impedance. Alal misali, don sarrafawa amplifiers 411 jerin da darajar - 1012, a kalla. Kuma ga sarrafawa amplifiers amfani bipolar semiconductor transistor, yawanci a wuce haddi na 108 ohms. Kuma a nan ne fitarwa impedance na cascade, kazalika da a baya tattauna makirci ne sosai kananan - rabo ohms. Kuma akwai bukatar a dauki la'akari lokacin da lissafi aka yi haihuwarka da aiki amplifiers.

Students AC amfilifa

Dukansu makircinsu tattauna a cikin labarin baya gudu a kan kai tsaye halin yanzu. Amma idan wani ingancin sadarwar na shigar da alama tushen da amfilifa hidima alternating halin yanzu da cewa zai samar da ƙasa ga halin yanzu a cikin labari. Kuma kana bukatar ka biya da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa yanzu darajar ne musamman a cikin kananan size.

A cikin akwati inda akwai wani karfafa AC sakonni dole don rage riba to hadin DC sigina. Wannan Gaskiya ne, a lokuta inda ƙarfin lantarki riba ne manya-manyan. Ta hanyar wannan yana yiwuwa ya rage rinjayar da karfi danniya, wanda aka bai wa shigar da na'urar.

A na biyu misali na wani rangadi domin aiki da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki alternating

A wannan makirci, a -3 DB za a iya gani line mita 17Hz. Yana bayyana daga impedance na capacitor a biyu kilo. Saboda haka, capacitor dole ne manyan isa.

Don gina wutar AC, ya kamata ka yi amfani da wani ba-inverting irin haihuwarka da aiki amplifiers. Kuma dole ne a manyan isa ƙarfin lantarki riba. Amma a nan ne capacitor iya zama ma manyan, don haka shi ne mafi kyau ga dakatar da amfani da shi. Gaskiya, ya zama dole a zabi da hakkin karfi danniya, equating shi sifili darajar. Kuma yana yiwuwa ya yi amfani da T-dimbin yawa divider da kuma kara da juriya dabi'u na biyu resistors a cikin kewaye.

Wanne makirci ne fin so yin amfani da

Mai developers ba su son zuwa ba inverting amplifiers, kamar yadda suke da matukar high impedance a shigar. Kuma sakaci makircinsu inverting irin. Amma a karshe akwai wata babbar riba - shi ne ba da mafi wuya na aiki amfilifa, wanda shi ne ta "zuciya".

Bugu da kari, da halaye, a gaskiya, ya fi kyau. Kuma tare da taimakon wani kirkirarren ƙasa iya hada duk sakonni da sauƙi, kuma za su ba da juna da wasu tasiri. Ana iya amfani da a Tsarin da kuma DC amfilifa kewaye ga wani aiki amfilifa. A duk ya dogara da bukatun.

Kuma mafi kwanan nan - a cikin hali da dukan makirci, tattauna a nan, an haɗa zuwa barga fitarwa na sauran aiki amfilifa. A wannan yanayin, da impedance na shigar da shi ne ba da muhimmanci - a kalla 1 kW, ko 10, ko da yake rashin iyaka. A wannan yanayin, mataki na farko da yaushe hidima da manufar dangane da gaba.

tuki repeater

Powered bin sarrafawa amfilifa kama da emitter gina a kan bipolar transistor. Kuma ya yi aikin kama ayyuka. A gaskiya, shi ne mai ba inverting amfilifa, wanda a farko resistor ne izuwa manyan, da kuma na biyu shi ne sifili. A wannan yanayin da riba ne hadin kai.

Akwai musamman iri sarrafawa amplifiers cewa an yi amfani da dabara ne kawai don repeater circuitry. Suna da yawa mafi alhẽri yi - yawanci wani babban gudun. Kamar yadda wani misali, kamar da aiki amplifiers OPA633, LM310, TL068. A karshen yana da jiki kamar transistor, kazalika da uku karshe. Sau da yawa sosai, wadannan amplifiers suna kira kawai a matsayin buffers. Gaskiyar cewa suna da insulator Properties (sosai high shigar impedance da sosai low fitarwa). Game da gina a kan wannan manufa, kuma a halin yanzu amfilifa kewaye shi ne wani aiki amfilifa.

Active yanayin

A gaskiya, shi ne irin wannan yanayin a cikin abin da jimloli da kuma bayanai na aiki amfilifa ba dora. Idan shigar da kewaye SUPPLiES da manya-manyan alama a fitarwa da shi kawai ya fara yanka da matakin da haraji ko da emitter ƙarfin lantarki. Amma lokacin da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki da ake gyarawa a matakin yanke - da bayanai OC ƙarfin lantarki ba ya canja. A wannan sikelin ba zai iya zama mafi girma daga cikin wadata irin ƙarfin lantarki na amfilifa mataki.

Mai haihuwarka domin sarrafawa amplifiers da aka lasafta irin wannan cewa girma ne kasa da samar da irin ƙarfin lantarki da aka 2 V. Duk da haka, shi duka dogara a kan abin da aka yi amfani da musamman amfilifa kewaye sarrafawa amfilifa. A wannan akwai wani da ya rage mata kan dorewa na yanzu tushen a kan tushen da aiki amfilifa.

Misali akwai a cikin tushen iyo load wasu irin ƙarfin lantarki drop. Idan na yanzu shi ne al'ada shugabanci na tafiya, za a iya samu m at farko load. Alal misali da yawa perepolyusovannyh batura. Wannan zane za a iya amfani da su samu wani kai tsaye halin yanzu cajin.

wasu sauna

Simple amfilifa ƙarfin lantarki sarrafawa amfilifa (kewaye iya zaba wani) za a iya yi a zahiri "a gwiwa." Amma kuma akwai bukatar la'akari da wasu na musamman fasali. Tabbata don tabbatar da cewa feedback kewaye a cikin korau. Yana kuma ya ce shi ne unacceptable ya gauraye ba inverting da inverting bayanai na amfilifa. Bugu da kari, dole ne a can feedback sarkar ga DC. In ba haka ba, da op amp za su fara motsawa da sauri a cikin jikewa yanayin.

Mafi yawa daga cikin aiki amfilifa shigar da bambanci ƙarfin lantarki ne sosai kananan in darajar. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin noninverting da inverting bayanai iya žuntata zuwa darajar 5 V a wani haɗa da ikon Madogararsa. In muka bar wannan lokaci, zai kasance a ƙofar a wajen manyan dabi'u na igiyoyin da za su jagoranci da cewa duk da halaye na kewaye zai deteriorate.

Mummunan abu a cikin wannan - jiki halakar da aiki amfilifa. A sakamakon haka, shi daina aiki amfilifa kewaye op amp gaba daya.

Ka tuna

Kuma, ba shakka, muna bukatar mu yi magana game da dokoki da ya kamata a bi don tabbatar da wani barga da kuma dogon aiki na aiki amfilifa.

Mafi muhimmanci - Du yana da matukar high ƙarfin lantarki riba. Kuma idan irin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin bayanai canza zuwa raba millivolts, da fitarwa na da darajar iya canza muhimmanci. Saboda haka muhimmanci ga sani: daga op-amp fitarwa yana kokarin neman su tabbatar da cewa irin ƙarfin lantarki bambanci tsakanin bayanai da aka kusa (fi dacewa daidai) da sifili.

Na biyu mulki - yanzu amfani da aiki amfilifa ne sosai kananan, a zahiri nanoamps. Idan shigar da an saita zuwa filin-sakamako transistors, shi ne kiyasta Pa. Yana iya ƙarasa da cewa bayanai kada ku ci yanzu, ko da abin da ake amfani da aiki amfilifa kewaye - manufa na aiki kasance iri guda.

Amma kada ka yi zaton Ou ne sosai kullum canza na shigar da irin ƙarfin lantarki. Jiki, wannan darasi ne kusan ba zai yiwu, tun can zai zama yarda da biyu mulki. Saboda da aiki amfilifa faruwa kima na duk bayanai. Tare da feedback daga waje sadarwa kewaye yana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa shigar da ƙarfin lantarki daga fitarwa. A sakamakon - tsakanin bayanai na aiki amfilifa ne ƙarfin lantarki bambancin da sifili.

feedback ra'ayi

Yana da wani na kowa ra'ayi, kuma shi ne riga ana amfani cikin wani m ji a dukkan bangarori na fasaha. A wani kula da tsarin yana da wani feedback madauki cewa kwantanta da fitarwa sigina da sa darajar (reference). Dangane da abin da na yanzu darajar - akwai wani gyara a kan hanya. Cikinsa da kula da tsarin na iya zama wani abu, ko da wani mota da cewa tafiya a kan hanya.

Da direba presses a kan birki, da kuma feedback ne - farkon deceleration. By misalin da irin wannan mai sauki misali, za mu iya fahimtar irin feedback a lantarki. A korau feedback - shi idan lokacin da matsi da birki feda da mota accelerates.

A feedback lantarki ne tsari a lokacin da yaduwar na faruwa ne daga fitarwa zuwa shigar da alama. Kamar wancan akwai kuma shirya a kan shigar da alama. A daya hannun, shi ne ba sosai m ra'ayin, shi iya a gaskiya ze daga waje, wanda ƙwarai rage da riba. Irin sake dubawa, ta hanyar, cikin wadanda suka kafa samu a Electronics cin feedback. Amma wajibi ne a fahimci a more daki-daki a cikin tasiri a kan aiki amplifiers - la'akari m haihuwarka. Kuma ya bayyana cewa gaskiya ne, kuma dan kadan rage riba, amma ba ka damar inganta 'yan wasu zaɓuɓɓuka:

1. Santsi da mita martani (abu don su zama dole).
2. Yana da damar ya hango ko hasashen da hali na amfilifa.
3. M kawar da wadanda ba linearity da sigina murdiya.

A mafi feedback (muna magana ne game da korau), da ƙasa da tasiri a amfilifa yi da wani bude OS. Result - duk da sigogi dogara ne kawai a kan abin da kaddarorin a kewaye.

Yana da daraja da biyan hankali ga cewa duk sarrafawa amplifiers aiki a wani yanayin da matukar zurfi da feedback. A irin ƙarfin lantarki riba (ta bude-madauki) zai iya kai har ma da dama da miliyan. Saboda haka, amfilifa kewaye shi ne wani aiki amfilifa ne musamman wuya a kan yarda da duk sigogi na samar da wutar lantarki da kuma shigar da alama matakin.